InterpretingBodyLanguage.ppt

session twosession two interpreting body interpreting body languagelanguage objectiveobjective to understand the importance of non-verbal to understand the importance of non-verbal language in communicationlanguage in communication；to understand the to understand the importance of body language and its importance of body language and its application in different cultural backgrounds;application in different cultural backgrounds; to understand basic theories of culture shock to understand basic theories of culture shock and learn how to deal with it.and learn how to deal with it. contentcontent functions of interpreting body language functions of interpreting body language reading body language reading body language body language in different culturesbody language in different cultures body language interpretation in different body language interpretation in different culturescultures case study about body language interpretation case study about body language interpretation culture shockculture shock what is non-verbal what is non-verbal communication?communication? defining the term:defining the term: all types of communication that takes place all types of communication that takes place without words (he, et al, 2006:91).without words (he, et al, 2006:91). nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimulinonverbal stimuli in a communication setting in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have her use of the environment and that have potential message valuepotential message value for the source or the for the source or the receiver (samovar repeating what has been expressed verbally; replacing the verbal communication;replacing the verbal communication; opposing the verbal communication;opposing the verbal communication; showing affectionate support of the spoken words;showing affectionate support of the spoken words; giving information about the mutual relations;giving information about the mutual relations; emphasizing the verbal communicationemphasizing the verbal communication structuring and regulating the verbal communication.structuring and regulating the verbal communication. what is body language?what is body language? the communicative function of the body. it is the communicative function of the body. it is also called kinesics.also called kinesics. reading body languagereading body language different from culture to culture;different from culture to culture; needs cultural knowledge and skills;needs cultural knowledge and skills; p43 - 50p43 - 50 hands and body gestureshands and body gestures different gestures mean different things in different different gestures mean different things in different cultures. sometimes, one can inadvertently make a very cultures. sometimes, one can inadvertently make a very rude gesture to someone without realizing it. rude gesture to someone without realizing it. in australian culture, for instance, australians never in australian culture, for instance, australians never hold up two fingers, and display the back of the hand hold up two fingers, and display the back of the hand towards the other person, as this is interpreted as an towards the other person, as this is interpreted as an insult (its called “the ups”). insult (its called “the ups”). if australians have to make a sign for “two”, they make if australians have to make a sign for “two”, they make sure the palm is facing the other person.sure the palm is facing the other person. facial expressionsfacial expressions facial expression facial expression is one of the is one of the most obviousmost obvious and flexibleand flexible forms of communication and can forms of communication and can easily convey mood, attitude, understanding, easily convey mood, attitude, understanding, confusion and a whole range of other things. confusion and a whole range of other things. whats wrong with them?whats wrong with them? facial expressionsfacial expressions the meaning of facial expression varies not the meaning of facial expression varies not only by culture, but also by degree of only by culture, but also by degree of ension. p52 - 54p52 - 54 eye contacteye contact it plays a key role in helping to establish it plays a key role in helping to establish rapport and failing to make eye contact in rapport and failing to make eye contact in many cultures is associated with being many cultures is associated with being dishonest or having something to hide. dishonest or having something to hide. eye contact is also a way of communicating eye contact is also a way of communicating attraction.attraction. eyeeye contactcontact eye contact plays an important role in eye contact plays an important role in turn turn takingtaking during conversation. among a group of during conversation. among a group of people, a speaker will often make eye contact people, a speaker will often make eye contact with the person he or she wants a response from. with the person he or she wants a response from. someone who wants to enter or interject in a someone who wants to enter or interject in a conversation will catch the eye of the person conversation will catch the eye of the person speaking to indicate that they want to interrupt, speaking to indicate that they want to interrupt, and equally someone who no longer wants to and equally someone who no longer wants to listen will avoid eye contact. listen will avoid eye contact. cultural differences of eye contact western societies: direct eye-to-eye contact eastern societies: politeness is expressed by modesty the amount of eye contact proxemics proxemics ( (空间学）空间学） the study on the the study on the use of space in interpersonal or use of space in interpersonal or institutional contextsinstitutional contexts; ; it is another silent language that people use to convey it is another silent language that people use to convey messages; messages; it includes it includes fixed features of spacefixed features of space (such as architecture (such as architecture and spacing of buildings), and spacing of buildings), semifixed featuressemifixed features (such as (such as seating arrangements and furniture arrangements) and seating arrangements and furniture arrangements) and dynamic spacedynamic space (use of personal space). (use of personal space). proximity proximity one important form of non-verbal communication.one important form of non-verbal communication. in some cultures, people maintain some distance in some cultures, people maintain some distance between speaker. between speaker. the concept of personal space is very important in the the concept of personal space is very important in the us and most people try to respect the space of others us and most people try to respect the space of others when interacting with them. when interacting with them. conversely, in other parts of the world, such as asia conversely, in other parts of the world, such as asia and the middle east, personal space is not an important and the middle east, personal space is not an important aspect of daily life. people tend to stand or sit closer to aspect of daily life. people tend to stand or sit closer to one another while talking, and think nothing of their one another while talking, and think nothing of their proximity to each other (furnham, 1993).proximity to each other (furnham, 1993). continuedcontinued standing very close to speak with someone in standing very close to speak with someone in the us is looked at as rude and as an invasion of the us is looked at as rude and as an invasion of personal space and can create a very awkward personal space and can create a very awkward or uncomfortable feeling for many americans or uncomfortable feeling for many americans (leung, 2005). (leung, 2005). in many situations in the us, standing very in many situations in the us, standing very close to someone in order to speak to them can close to someone in order to speak to them can indicate that what is being said is private or indicate that what is being said is private or secretive.secretive. proximic distanceproximic distance intimate distance: 0 0.5 m;intimate distance: 0 0.5 m; personal distance: 0.5 1.2 m; personal distance: 0.5 1.2 m; social distance: 1.2 3.6 m social distance: 1.2 3.6 m public distance: 3.6 7.5m public distance: 3.6 7.5m long distance: over 7.5 m long distance: over 7.5 m (edward hall, 1976) (edward hall, 1976) edward halledward hall the silent languagethe silent language (1959) (1959) the hidden dimensionthe hidden dimension (1969) (1969) beyond culturebeyond culture (1976) (1976) the dance of life: the other dimension of timethe dance of life: the other dimension of time (1983) (1983) handbook for proxemic researchhandbook for proxemic research hidden differences: doing business with the japanesehidden differences: doing business with the japanese an anthropology of everyday life: an autobiographyan anthropology of everyday life: an autobiography (1992, (1992, doubleday, new york) doubleday, new york) understanding cultural differences - germans, french and understanding cultural differences - germans, french and americansamericans (1993, yarmouth, maine) (1993, yarmouth, maine) west of the thirties. discoveries among the navajo and west of the thirties. discoveries among the navajo and hopi (1994, doubleday, new york etc.) hopi (1994, doubleday, new york etc.) discussionsdiscussions why do we emphasize cultural awareness?why do we emphasize cultural awareness? why understanding body language important in why understanding body language important in icc? icc? how do you use your body language in icc? how do you use your body language in icc? how do you respond to misunderstandings? how do you respond to misunderstandings? how do you cope with cultural shock?how do you cope with cultural shock? cultural shockcultural shock cultural shock is the result of removal of the cultural shock is the result of removal of the familiar; familiar; “loss of familiar cues”;“loss of familiar cues”; it is universal and virtually inevitable. it is universal and virtually inevitable. cultural shockcultural shock four stages of cultural shockfour stages of cultural shock: : euphoriaeuphoria depression depression adjustment adjustment acceptance acceptance some symptoms of culture shocksome symptoms of culture shock excessive concern over cleanliness and the feeling that excessive concern over cleanliness and the feeling that what is new and strange is “dirty.“ this could be in what is new and strange is “dirty.“ this could be in relation to drinking water, food, dishes, and bedding; relation to drinking water, food, dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants or servants; fear of physical contact with attendants or servants; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of ones own nationality; long-term residents of ones own nationality; irritation over delays and other minor frustrations out of irritation over delays and other minor frustrations out of proportion to their causesproportion to their causes ; ; continuedcontinued delay and outright refusal to learn the language of the delay and outright refusal to learn the language of the host country; host country; excessive fear of being cheated, robbed, or injured; excessive fear of being cheated, robbed, or injured; great concern over minor pains and irruptions of the great concern over minor pains and irruptions of the skin; skin; terrible longing to be back home, to be in familiar terrible longing to be back home, to be in familiar surroundings, to visit ones relatives, and, in general, to surroundings, to visit ones relatives, and, in general, to talk to people who really “make sense.“talk to people who really “make sense.“ case analysiscase analysis kulich, s. j. (2007), varieties of intercultural kulich, s. j. (2007), varieties of intercultural adjustments: from culture stress to culture adjustments: from culture stress to culture shock. shock. stereotypestereotype stereotypes are stereotypes are overgeneralised and over-overgeneralised and over- simplifiedsimplified beliefs people use to categorize a beliefs people use to categorize a group of people or culture. group of people or culture. stereo