英语常见的短语搭配.doc

编辑校对：芜湖市翰文学校英语组 李万鹏 常见的词和词组的搭配 1: 2: 3: 4:clean up sell out in surprise be interested in sth/doing put up work out in danger be busy doing/ with sth turn up find out in the sun be satisfied with/ pleased stand up put out in the rain with sth wake up look out in red/ in the red be fond of/ be proud of get up wear out in this way be sorry for come up with stay out in Chinese be impatient with sb eat up take out (of) in China be patient of sth look up in ones mind be curious aboutset up in trouble be glad to do sthshow up be famous for sth/as doingcheer up / cheer sb upgive up doing stay up5: 6: 7: 8:put off pay for put on borrow fromtake off send for try on send . to / lend tosee sb off ask for work on steal fromget off look for keep on rob of leave for get on prepare for go on doing / with sth search for carry on with sth wait for9: 10: take : it takes sb some time to do a dog cost: sth cost sb . on doing sth spend: sb spend. on sth / doing sth keep your eyes open pay : sb pay for sth away from (Children should keep away from fire) a dairy ; keep a balance between the book for two months11: 12: 13: sometimes 14: afford to do enjoy doing sth run out of sometime agree to do miss doing sth take care of some time choose to do mind doing sth die of some times decide to dow finish doing sth think of expect to do practice doing sth fail to do imagine doing sth 15: at a time 16: plan to do hope to do consider doing sth at times prepare to do offer to do succeed in doing sth at one time refuse to do sb need to do/need doing look forward to doing sth all the time wish to do wish to do devote to doing sth at the time want to do feel like doing / give up doing sth 17: 18: 19: 20: how many make sb do sth enjoy oneself stop to do / stop doing how much please do sth look after oneself foget to do / forget doing how often have sb do sth help oneself to 21: how soon let sb do sth leave one by oneself too many = many how old 被动语态模式: = on ones own too much = much how long sb is/ was made to do sth say to oneself a little bit = a little 22: 23: 24: so + 倒装语序: 表示也 - Dont make any noise! Tell the truth next time!so + 顺装语序:表示的确 - Sorry, I wont Yes, I will25:few 和little 的用法后面接可数名词后面接不可数名词表达肯定a fewa little表达否定fewlittleEg.1. He has _friends so he often feels lonely. 2. I just know _ Japanese so I can say a few words. 3. He is a man with _ words because he wants to keep quiet.4.- He is good at English. - So, _.5.- It is hot today! - So, _ today and so _ yesterday.26: 27: 28: tell a lie say hello to sb have a talk(n.) with sb tell a story say a word to sb talk with / to sb about / on(关于) sth tell a joke say to oneself tell sb sth say a bad word about sb tell to do sth say it in English tell sb to do sth say “yes/no” to reach + the name of place(地名) to do sth get to + 地名 sb to do sth29 arrive in / at ( in 表示大的地方，at 表示小的地方) 30.wish sb sth (用于祝福语) go home / arrive here ( home 和here 为一个副词) that 从句(虚拟语气) stop to do sth (表示要做某事) so(adj/adv) that. stop doing sth (表示不做某事) such (n.) that31 eg. He is so tired that he stops _(have)rest 32 so + adj + a/ an + n. that = such + a/ an +adj+n. that The doctor told him to stop _(smoke) for good health.Eg.1. He is _ rich that he can afford an expensive car. 2. We have _fine weather that we can go outing for the coming weekend. 3.It is _ an interesting story that I read it several times. 4.It is _interesting a story that I read it several times. It is adj of / for sb to do sth (若形容词指人的品质时用of 如kind ,generous , helpful,polite等,不是的用for) adj enough to do sth 33 too +adj to eg. 1.It is kind _ of you to help me so much. 2. He is old enough _(go) to school.3. You are never too old to learn. 意思为:_.4. Which one of the following sentences has different from the others in its meaning?A.He is old enough to go to school. B.He is too old to go to school.C.He is so old that he can go to school. D.Its old enough for him to go to school.二、常见的词语的辨析。34. in the east part of China = in the east of China 35. play football VS play the violin 打球的衣冠不整，演奏乐器的衣冠整齐。36. Whats the population of Anhui ?(翻译) _37.The population of China is larger than any other country / the other countries of the world.38. The number of students in our school is about 2,500.39.A number of the students in our school are from countryside.40.我们还需要10个人。We still need another 10 people = We still need ten more people.41. one the other 两者之中的一个 另一个。We have two hands . One is left hand , the other is right hand.(手只能有两个)42. one another 众多中的一个, 另一个。- Excuse me, this pair of shoes is too tight. Could you show me another pair to have a try?(卖鞋的决不可能只能卖两双鞋)43.- Havent you handed in you homework yet? - _. Ill hand it in as soon as possible.A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. Not yet D. No, I have一、英语句子是回答Yes还是No主要看是符合实际的还是不符合实际的。符合实际的用Yes,不符合的用No 。二、英语句子回答时候要一肯定到底，一否定到底。44. He left Wuhu _ the morning of October 3 .A. on B. in C. at D. of（1）at + 时刻点 eg. at 7:45 (2) at + 重要的节日 at the weekend / at Christmas(2) on + 具体某一天, 我们不管它是早晨还是下午 eg. on the afternoon of Wednesday(3) in + 上午/下午 ；in + 季节； in+某一年/ 月45.- Do you know when he _? - When he _, Ill let you know.A. will come comes B. will come will come C. comes comes D. comes will come本题考察的要的是要求区别宾语从句和状语从句。区别方法：1.宾语从句不可以放在句子前面而状语从句可以。2.若是从句拿掉句子不通的为宾语从句，通的为状语从句。46.- Which do you like better,skating or skiing? - _of them. I like running- Do you like tea or coffee? - _. I just drink a glass of boiled water(开水).- I have just one ticket , so _ you _ he can go.- _ he _ I know the result , so you have to ask the third person.以上题目备选答案： either ; neither ; either or ; neither nor either 表示两者之中的任何一个；neither表示两者之中任何一个都不；eitheror 表示 要么是要么.。 neither nor 表示既不也不47.- Did you see a boy come in ? - No, I _ a newspaper.A. read B. was reading C. have read D. reads本题考察的是与过去有关的时态。重点是要区别过去时态和过去进行时态。过去进行时态为过去时态的某一段或是某一点。过去进行时态一定是在过去并且是一点或一段。48.- Dont smoke here, look at the sign. - Sorry, I _ the sign.A. dont see B. have seen C. didnt see D. cant see本题考察的是区别一般过去时态和现在完成时态，这是重点又是难点。现在完成时态相当于一个一般过去时态加上一个一般现在时态。Eg. I have opened the door. 本句话相当于 I opened the door just now and the door is still open.He has worked in the company for about 20 years.本句话相当于 He began to work in the company 20 years ago and now he still works in the company.特别指出的是现在完成时态是一个与现在有关的时态，关键的是现在到底怎么样、如何。49.The old people should _ to politely.A. speak B. speaks C. be spoken D. are spoken本题考察的是有关句子的语态的知识。句子的语态是指句子的主语和句子谓语的关系这一语法现象。若句子的主语和谓语是主谓关系时为主动语态；句子的主语和谓语为动宾关系时为被动语态。这道题我们就要考虑是老人说有礼貌，还是老人被说的有礼貌。50.You are late again. The film _ for about ten minutes.A. began B. has began C. has been on D. has started有关现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别参看说明48。现在完成时态还有一个让我们非常头痛的问题那就是延续性动词和非延续性动词的区别。这里我说明几点。1.延续性动词、非延续性动词一定是指该句子的动作或是行为要有时间的延续。常见的是句子含有for .或是since(for+时间段；since+时间点或是since+过去时态的句子。Eg. for ten years ; since 2003 ; since he came here等等)2.现在完成时态表示过去的动作、行为对于现在所产生的影响时不要考虑什么动词的延续性的问题。Eg. I have opened the door.但是如果这句话改变成I have opened the door for 2 hours 时候就必需考虑这个问题。3.非延续性动词可以有两种解决的办法。一是将句子改成一般过去时态的句子，二是把那个不能延续的动词改成它相对应的状态。 Eg. die - be dead begin - be on join - be in /at leave- be away 51. He is unhappy today, _?A. isnt he B. is he C. doesnt he D. dont he反义疑问句分成两种情况：一、陈述句的反义疑问句 二、祈使句的反问疑问句陈述句的反问疑问句： 若句子是肯定的那么反义疑问句就要用否定的；句子是否定的反义疑问句就要用肯定的。该的方法类似于把一个句子改成一般疑问句或是否定句。Eg. I went to Nanjing this summer, didnt you ?He does some shopping on Sundays, doesnt he ?They havent handed in their homework, have they?需要特别强调的是只有当句子中含有 no , not , never , few, little , hardly , seldom, nothing, nobody 的词汇时候才能视为否定句。祈使句的反义疑问句我们通常加will you, 也有的要加shall we 和wont you 的。Eg. Dont be late again, will you ?Lets go home , shall we ?Let us go home , will you ?52. -Would you mind if I open the window? -_. We need fresh air. A. Not at all B. Yes, of course C. Youd better not D. That all right.若mind 回答not at all / no表示不介意；回答yes/ better not / youd better not时表介意。53._fine weather we are having these days ! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a本题考察的是有关感叹句的知识，如何快速的找出感叹词的关键一步就是找出句子中的中心词。找出句子中的关键词可以采取先把题目所给的句子改成陈述句，这样可以很容易的找出来。具体方法如下：1.把原来的句子改成陈述句为：We are having fine weather these days. 2.在句中动词后面划一道竖线将句子分成两半。3.从后半部分句子中找出中心词。本句后半句为fine weather these days. 中心词若为名词是感叹词选用What, 中心词为形容词或是副词时选用How。4.感叹词+原句子的后半部分+原句子前半部分。特别指出How a / How an 是凑份子的答案，根本不需要考虑的备选答案。巩固练习：1. _ interesting story he told us !2._ fast he runs !3._cold the day is !4._cold day (it is) !5._useful advice he offered us !以上题目的备选答案为： What ； What an ； What a ； How53.Youd better not _ about _ the fashion show.A. to worry . miss B. worry . missing C. to worry missing D. worry to miss本题考察的是1.有关提建议的表达。常见的提建议表达有: youd better do sth / why not do sth / why dont you do sth ?/ what about doing sth?/ shall we do sth ?等等。2.介词+名词或是动名词(也就是动词的-ing 形式)常见的有Thank you for doing sth / look forward to doing sth / 54.I prefer to watch TV at home _ see a film in the open air.A. rather than B. to C. than to D. than本题考察的是有关prefer的用法。现在谈谈该词的具体用法为：1. Prefer to do sth 该表达相当于like to do sth 2. prefer doing sth to doing sth ；prefer sth to sth 表示喜欢做胜过于.或者宁愿做也不愿做3.prefer to do sth rather do sth 这是一个复合结构，把prefer to do 和rather than do sth 结合在一起。特别指出prefer . to . 中的to 相当于than 有比的含义。另外prefer 还可以表达成prefer sth.4.和prefer相对应的另外一个词是would rather。Would rather 的用法为：1.would rather do sth 2. would rather do sth than do sth / sth(注意：would rather 后面不可以直接加一个名词)巩固练习：1. He prefers _(walk) to _(take) a bus.2.We _tea _ coffee.A. prefer to B. prefer than C. would ratherthan D. prefer to .rather than3.- Sandy prefers _ rather than _.A. stay home watch a film B. stay at home to watch a filmC. to stay at home see a film D. staying at home watching a film55.区别：be used to do / be used to doing/ used to do / be used as be used to do 为一个被动语态形式，意思是：被用来做；be used to doing意思为习惯做；use to do 意思为过去常常做；be used as 也是一个被动语态形式意思为被当作用。巩固练习：1. He used to _(swim) when he was young.2. People in the northeast of China are used to _(live) in the cold weather.3. Books are used to _(read).4. ORBIS plane is also used as a teaching center.(翻译)_.56.比较级和最高级之间的相互转换比较级和最高级在一定的条件下可以相互的转换。以下是通过一个具体的例子来看。He is the tallest students in his class = He is taller than any other student in his class = No one in his class is taller than him/ he = He is second to none in his class.Second to . 仅次于57.I dont know what to do 和I dont know how to do it.What 为一个代词性质的词，所以它可以充当及物动词的宾语，而how为一个副词性质的词它不能充当及物动词的宾语。I dont know what to do= I dont know what I will do (相当于一个宾语从句)I dont know how to do it= I dont know how I will do.附综合练习：单项选择题1. We should keep the sea _.A. to clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean2. Do you have enough men to carry these chairs ? No, I think we need _ men.A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more3.How long may I _ the dictionary ?A.keep B. lean C. borrow D. return 4.He kept me _ outside the office too long.A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood5.They have been to Paris twice before. _.A. We have so B. So we have C. We so have D. So have we 6. Will you please come to see me _ next month.A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes7.- _ will your father be back? - In about half an hour.A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon8. There are _ trees on the hills.A. three thousand of B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousand of9.When did they _ the park ?A. go B. get C. arrive D. reach10.The man really doesnt know _ in English.A. what to say it B. how to say C. how to say it D. to say what58.I dont know _.A. how long has he worked here B. how long he has worked hereC. he has worked how long D. he worked how long本题主要是考察有关宾语从句。只要记住宾语从句的三要素该题就可迎刃而解。一、引导词最先。二、语序不变(引导词+陈述句语序)。 三、过去一致(当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时候从句要用与过去有关的时态(表示客观真理的除外)跟踪练习：1.Can you tell me _?A. what time is it B. what time it is C. it is what time D. time is what2.He wanted to tell me _.A. what did he did B. what he did C. what he had done D. what had he done3.The teacher told me yesterday that the sun _ in the east in the morning.A. rose B. rise C. rises D. will rise59.- Why did you buy a radio ? - _ English.A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Learned本题是考察有关动词不定式的知识。动词不定式是一类非谓语动词- 不能充当谓语的动词或动词短语。动词不定式可以充当除谓语之外的所有语法成分。我们初中主要掌握以下内容：1.动词不定式充当宾语。常见可以接不定式充当宾语的动词有: want / hope / wish / ask / agree / warn / plan / decide / refuse / tell to do sth2.动词不定式充当宾语补足语。常见的动词有 want / wish / ask / tell / agree / warn / remind sb to do sth3.动词不定式充当目的状语。我们可以通过例子来看:1.He got up early to catch the first bus. 2.The old man meet in the park to play cards and Chinese chess.4.动词不定式充当定语。首先要说明一下什么叫做定语：定语是指修饰某一名词的语法现象。1. He needs a radio to listen to . 2. We have to rent a house to live in 从以上的例子我们可以非常清楚的看出动词不定式充当定语时候动词不定式后面的动词一定要是及物动词。如果不是及物动词的话可以(不及物动词)添加相应的介词。最后特别指出动词不定式的否定形式为not to 60.He was so excited _ he received a nice present.A. that B. when C. to D. where本题貌似考察so that 从句但是我们仔细一看就会发现如果我们填入that选择项到话那么就会发现因果顺序颠倒。从这个题目就会提醒我们平时考试的时候要多长一个心眼谨防“上当受骗”。跟踪综合练习1.Can you tell me _?A. where he come from B. where he comes fromC. where does he come from D. he comes from where2.- I wonder to know _ you go to wor