虚拟句的结构一般是.docVIP

虚拟句的结构一般是：虚拟条件句+虚拟结果句在虚拟条件句中，虚拟 过去情况的，用过去完成时 现在情况的，用一般过去时 将来情况的，用should类助动词+动词原形、或者were/was 在虚拟结果句中，时态按虚拟动作的虚拟真实情况回答，是将要完成的，就用将来时，就已完成的就用完成时，是一般状态的就用一般时。 虚拟语气分为条件虚拟和愿望虚拟两大类，简单介绍如下一、条件虚拟 1、由连词引导的条件从句，常用的有： * if/unless 如果/若非 * 3. even if / even though 即便 * in case：万一，如： -You should bring an umbrella with you, in case it were raining; of cause theres no rain today 2、省略 if 后的倒装虚拟，如： * Were I you, What should I do? * Had he been here five minutes earlier, he would have caught the train. 3、相关动词分词或短语充当连词 * 过去分词： provided，如： -*We would pay the bonus provided the job had been completed on time yesterday. 如果工作在昨天按时完成的话我们会发放奖金的。 * 动词原形：suppose (that)，如： -Suppose (that) I were you. 要是我是你多好）。 * 现在分词：supposing，如： -Supposing it were not Saturday tomorrow. 假如明天不是星期六（就好了） 4、介词 without 短语表示的条件，如： -Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology would not have been achieved. 要是没有电脑的话，就不会取得当前这么多的先进技术 5、but tha t除非,若不是，如： -They would have got in touch with us two days earlier but that there had been something wrong with the line. 若不是线路有问题的话，他们两天前就与我们取得联系了。 二、愿望虚拟 1、名词从句 1）提出建议、发出命令、提出请求、表示见解愿望，下面以suggest及其派生词为例： 宾语从句：I suggested that he (should常常省略) leave immediately. 表语从句：My suggestion is that he leave immediately. 主语从句：That he (should) leave immediately is my suggestion 同位语从句：My suggestion, that he leave immediately, has not been adopted. 2）用在it is that 句式表示上述意思，如： -It is important that he that he (should常常省略) leave immediately. 2、几种特殊的虚拟句式 * wish 从句，如： - I wish he knew what is happening there in his room. 要是他知道自己的屋子里正发生着什么就好了。（对此时此刻的虚拟） -He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。（对过去的虚拟） * would rather 从句 -I would rather you (should) come tomorrow.（对将来的虚拟）我宁可你明天过来（暗含你却来不了。） * it is time 从句 -It is high time you had got up to have your meal. 你早就该起床吃饭了。（但是到现在你还没起来） * had better 从句 -His mother had better he would have come the next day. 他母亲宁愿他第二天过来。三、套式虚拟句在表达某些信条的陈述或信仰的自白的时候，常用套式虚拟句。在这种虚拟句中，谓语动词不受人称和时态的约束，只以动词原形出现在句子中。以下是常见的套语： 1. 表示祝福 * God belss you 上帝保佑 * God bless my life / my soul! 我的天啊! 好家伙! * God speed you! 祝你一路平安! * Long live liberty! 自由万岁 2. 表示诅咒 * God damn you! 天杀的! 该死的! * God forbid! / Heaven forfend!苍天不容! 但愿不会如此! 3. 表示发誓 * Far be it from me to 我决不会 * Suffice it to say that 只要说就够了。 * Come what may / will 不管发生什么事情 4. 表示愿望 * God grant .! 但愿.! * So be it then. 那样也好 * Be that as it may 尽管这样 5. 表示感叹 God help him! 唉, 真可怜! Heaven help us! 苍天保佑！关于虚拟语气的时态问题一、条件虚拟句或特殊句式的虚拟 1、对现在的虚拟 * 主句 would/should/could/ought to + 动词原形 * 从句 动词过去形式（动词 be 一律用 were） 2、对过去的虚拟： * 主句 would/should/could/ought to + have done * 从句 过去完成式 had done 3、对将来虚拟，分三种情况： 1）实现的可能性不大 （s