2010届高考二轮复习情态动词讲练学案.docVIP

2010届高考二轮复习情态动词讲练学案情态动词的用法特点情态动词有词义、表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式情态动词没有人称、数的变化，即情态动词的第三人称单数不加s情态动词除be able to和have to之外没有非谓语动词形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式情态动词的具体用法can 和be able to的用法can和be able to都表示能力，但could泛指过去的能力。She can sing the song in English.I could read when I was four.can只能用于现在时和过去时，而be able to则可以用于各种时态。Well be able to finish the work soon. (将来时)I havent been able to see the film. (完成时)但：was/were able to多指表示在过去某一特定的时候经过努力终于做成某事。“成功的做某事”was/were able to =succeeded in doing=managed to doHe was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He succeeded in fleeing Europe before the war broke out.表示请求或者许可，could比can更加委婉，用could提问,用can回答。Can I go now? Could I go now? Yes, you can./No, you cant.表示客观可能性You can borrow some books from the library.Anybody can make mistakes.可以表示推测，用于疑问句和否定句，could比can的可能性小-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ true because there was little snow there.may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt becan用在疑问句、否定句或感叹句中，表示惊异、不相信等感情色彩。can/could have done表示过去的能力或可能做某事，但是由于某种原因未做，有惋惜、遗憾、批评的意思。You could have told me your coming.表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定，常用于疑问句。Can she have lost the book?must 和 have to的用法两词都表示必须做，但must强调主观上的看法，“必须”；而have to则强调客观，“不得不”He said that they must work hard.Its too late. I have to go now.have to有人称、时态和数的变化，而must则只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.否定形式have todont have tomust mustt禁止 cant不能must表示推测，用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测“一定”You must be tired after your long journey.你走了这么长时间的路，一定累了。must表示与说话人的愿望相反，翻译成“偏要”“偏偏”Must you make so much noise?-Can I have a word with you, mum?-Oh, dear! If you_.A can B must C may D shouldIf you must do sth.(表示虽不同意但可允许)如果你一定要那么做If you must leave, do it quietly.如果你一定要离开，那就悄悄的走。must have done用于肯定句，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”的意思。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.没有mustnt have done结构，用cant have done表示一定没有must be doing表示对现在或两来正在进行的情况的肯定推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这个时候，老师一定在批我们的考试卷。must have been doing表示对过去正在发生事情的肯定推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.练习：a. He _ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A should B must C wouldnt D cantb. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A shouldnt B couldnt C mustnt D needntc. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _at least 150kms an hour.A should have been doing B must have been doingC could have done D would have doned. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.A must drop B must have dropped C must be dropping D must have been droppedmay/might的用法may 和might用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求，肯定回答用may,否定mustnt.-May I use your pencil?-Yes, you may./No, you mustnt.may/might+v.表示可能性，有可能但不肯定，“也许、可能”might的可能行更小。It may rain this afternoon.She may not be working now.may放在句首的祈使句中，表示祝愿。May they live long! 祝他们长寿！May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！may/ might have done用于肯定句，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may/might have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip可能在车祸中受了重伤。表示过去可能发生而实际未完成的行为，常常含有批评、责备、埋怨之意，语气委婉。Your were so careless that day. You might have made a bad mistake.那天你太粗心了，差点犯了严重错误。shall的用法Shall除了在一般将来时中用于第一人称外，否定shant，还有一下用法：用于第一、三人称的问句，表示征求别人的意见，“这样做好吗？”Shall we take umbrellas with us?我们带雨伞好吗？用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示“命令、决心、指示、警告、允诺、威胁”等意思。“必须、一定、应该”We he comes in, nobody shall say a word.（命令）他进来时，任何人不准说话。He shall get what he deserves.(警告)他会最有应得的。should 的用法表示劝告、提出或者征询建议：应该，可以=ought toYou shouldnt drink and drive.你不应该酒后驾车。should 否定should not ought to 否定 ought not to表示对某种情况的估计：应该会She shouldnt be out in such an early morning.They should /ought to be there by now.表示说话人惊奇、失望、忧虑、惋惜、愤怒等情绪，（多用于许多表示感情的形容词后的that从句中）“竟然”Its a pity that she should fail in the entrance examination.她入学考试竟然失利了，真是遗憾。与we/I 连用，表示没有把握或客气的请求-Is this enough food for everyone? 这些事物够所有人吃了吗?-I should think so.我觉得够了。I should like to call me lawyer.我希望给我的律师打电话。（why, how, who, what should sb./sth. do）表示拒绝、恼怒或惊讶。Why should I help him? Hes never done anything for me.我干嘛要帮他呢？他从来没有为我做什么。How should I know where youve left your bag?我怎么知道你把包丢在哪里了？用于语气比较强的假设中，表示“万一”If she should fail to come, ask Tom to attend the meeting.If you should change your mind, do let me know in time.should/oughtnt to have done本不该做的事情却做了，含有责备或遗憾之意。 should/ought to have done 本该做的事情却没做You shouldnt/oughtnt to have kept the books in the damp place.你本不应该把书放在潮湿的地方。You should/ought to have been more careful in this experiment.will, would和used to的用法 表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿 would 比will 更客气委婉 Will you have some more wine? Would you mind my smoking here? will 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向 would 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向 Fish will die out of water. I pushed the door, but it wouldnt open.would 与 used to 的区别*Would 只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态Used to 既可表示动作也可表示状态, 强调现在不如此 When I was young, I would play badminton on Sundays He used to be a university student. will 表示意愿 决心 I will never do that again.need 和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1). 用作情态动词。 You neednt telephone him now. I dont think you need worry. She dare not go out alone at night. How dare you say Im unfair? 2) 用作实义动词。 You dont need to do it yourself. We need to tell them the news. The table needs painting (to be painted.). 3).neednt +have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。3.部分情态动词的问与答-Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _you must No, _. No, _.(2) - Must I? -Yes, you must. -No, you neednt ( dont have to ) (3) -May I .? -Yes, you may. Certainly. Yes, please. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please. -No, you may not. No, you mustnt. No, you cant. Please dont. Youd better not. I dont think you can. Im sorry its not allowed.(4) -Shall I? - Yes, please. - No, thanks. No, you neednt. No, you cant. No, you mustnt.(5) -Could I? -Yes, you can. -No, you cant.(6)- Might I?-Yes, you may.4.情态动词的反意疑问句ought to, shouldnt / oughtnt + S ? He ought to know what to do, _? 2) have to +v. (had to + v.)，dont + S ? （didnt + S）? We have to get there at eight tomorrow, _?dont we?3) used to ,didnt / usednt + S ?He used to take pictures there, _?4). had better + v, hadnt + S? Youd better read it by yourself,_? 5). would rather +v，wouldnt + S ?He would rather read it ten times than recite it,_? 6). Youd like to +v, wouldnt + S ?Youd like to go with me, _? 7). must 的