专题二非谓语动词.doc

一、 非谓语动词）动词不定式只能接不定式做宾语的动词有：decide, hope, learn, manage（打算）, offer, prepare, agree, refuse, fail（未）, pretend, happen（碰巧）, promise, plan（打算，计划）a） 测试作宾语时不定式带补语的结构这种结构的常用动词有：find、think、consider、make等，基本句型是：v. + it + adj + to do例Do you consider wise to ignore him?A. it isB. it to beC. it as beingD. itb） 不定式在svoc句型中的应用解题的关键是记住带不定式作宾语补足语的动词，如：ask、tell、allow、enable、expect、get、require、request、cause、urge、want、force、order等。例They dont allow in the library, but they allow people in the restroom.A. to smoketo smokeB. smokingsmokingC. to smokesmokingD. smokingto smokec） 不定式作定语的用法（）与其他非谓语形式或谓语形式的区别例The question tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.A. to be debatedB. debatesC. debatingD. debated（）介词的使用例The boys father bought him a large toy train .A. which to play withB. to play with itC. to play withD. at which to playd） 不定式的时态、语态不定式完成时表示不定式动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，不定式被动语态表示不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者，be soory、be glad、seem或say、find、hear、report等动词的被动语态后加不定式完成时态较为常见。例The new power station is reported within three years.A. to have completedB. to have been completedC. having been completedD. to complete例Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.A. to be givenB. to be givingC. to have givenD. having givene） 不定式作状语例he police inspector spoke to the little girl kindlt her.A. not to frightenB. in order to not frightenC. so as not to frightenD. so not as to frighten例He moved away from his parents, and missed them_ enjoy the exciting life in New York.A. too much toB. enough toC. very much toD. much so as to）动名词a） 只能接动名词做宾语的动词有：miss, mind, enjoy, suggest, practise, persist, quit, admit, appreciate, deny, escape, complete, fulfil, acknowledge, favour, delay, postpone, finish, avoid, prevent, recall, recollect, risk, considerb） 只能接动名词的一些常用句型结构：Its no good/use/fun (in) doing sthThere is no need/point/use/sense (in) doing sth.be busy/be worth doing sth.have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sthspend/waste time (in) doing sthcant help doing sthconfess to, object to, be opposed to, look forward to, contribute to, be used to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, lead to, refer to, equal to, stick to, belong to, thanks to, be accustomed to doing sthc） 既可接动名词又可接动词不定式做宾语的有： 接动词不定式和动名词作宾语而意义差别不大的动词：love, like, dislike, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, propose, etc. 可跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语但意义有差别的动词：歧义动词中已讲。 need, want, require, deserve + 动名词不定式被动态，表被动意义。The pencil needs sharpening.(to be sharpened)例Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination.A. to prepareB. preparingC. to be preparedD. being prepared例I appreciate to your home.A. to be invitedB. to have invitedC. having invitedD. being invited例I had to postpone to his plan to a later date.A. me listeningB. myself listeningC. my listeningD. mine listening）分词及物动词write不及物动词go主动词态被动词态现在分词一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式having writtenhaving been writtenhaving gone过去分词writtengonea） 现在分词和过去分词的区别：eg: Seeing these photos, I could not help thinking of my childhood days in Los Angeles.eg: Not knowing what to do, she went to the godfather for help.eg: Frustrated, he went back to his hometown.B）分词作状语 分词和分词短语作状语时，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、和伴随情况，在表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式时，通常可以换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换成一个并列的谓语成分。Seeing the teacher entering to room, the students stood up. (When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.)Heated, ice will be changed into water. (When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.) 分词作状语与主语的关系 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。Not knowing what to do , he went to his parents for help. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语的承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Give more attention , the trees could have grown better. 分词作状语时前面可用连词if, while, when, once, unless等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句的主语相同时，可保留该连词，其余部分则简化为分词短语，相当于省略的状语从句。If falling ill, Ill see my doctor.Even though given every opportunity, they would not try.例 with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing例neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school. Accused of B. That he was accused of C. Accusing of D. To be accused of另外，独立分词结构作状语也是十分常见的测试项目，常见题型有二种：句子开头为“名词或代词 ”，或“with名词或代词 ”，例 new technique , the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A. working outB. having worked outC. having been worked outD. to have worked out例With the guide the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.A. leadingB. ledC. to leadD. leads 题句开头逗号前全部空缺，四个选择项中包括独立结构、简单句，解题时可以直接排队选择项中的简单句，然后根据分词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定分词的正确形式。例 , the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. The decision having madeB. The decision h