专四语法词汇详解四十套第18套.doc

Test Eighteen主语从句中的虚拟语气1)It is(was)+suggested+that+(should)+动词原形。如：It is proposed that more selective courses be offered next year.It has been decided that a special committee be formed to supervise the work.2)It is(was)+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形。该句式中的形容词一般包括：advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, important, imperative, necessary, impossible等。例如：It is important that the students take brief notes while listening to the lecture.It is essential that all the facts be examined first.近义词辨析obvious, apparent, evident, clear这组词均含有“明显的”的意思。obvious指被觉察的东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物。apparent意为表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此。evident指有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显。clear指不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素。It was an obvious mistake for him to have gone alone.他独自一人去，这是一个明显的错误。It was becoming increasingly apparent that he disliked me.他不喜欢我这一点变得越来越明显。The applause made it evident that the play was a hit.掌声明显地表明这部剧引起了轰动。The situation is clear to everyone.局势大家都清楚。全真模拟试题1. Little is known of his childhood _ at a factory at the early age of ten.A. to begin to workB. beginning to workC. save that he began to work D. about that he worked2. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention _to the undertaking that is expected to bring highest profit.A. is givenB. givesC. should be givenD. must be given3. They did not find _ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.A. worth their whileB. it worthwhileC. it worthD. it worthy4. Quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster over short courses _ breeds can.A. than the otherB. otherC. than otherD. of all other5. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A. doB. didnt doC. dontD. didnt6. “Im surely dirty, _?”A. am IB. isnt IC. arent ID. am not I7. _ illness, he retired.A. Thanks toB. According to C. Owing toD. For the sake of8. This car has many features including _.A. stereo, safety devices, air condition, and it saves gasB. good music, safe devices, air conditioning,and gasC. stereo, safety devices, air conditioned and good gasD. stereo, safety devices, air conditioning, and low gas mileage9. Every boy and girl must have _ hair neatly combed.A. hisB. herC. itsD. their10. I wish you _ Jim so much. He is still very depressed.A. not to hurtB. didnt hurt C. would notD. had not hurt11. Before the school _ what students must wear, they wore just about anything.A. managedB. authorizedC. regulated D. standardized12. While the population of the United States includes a great variety ofracial and ethnic backgrounds, Japans population is _.A. autonomousB. homogeneousC. ambitious D.anonymous13. The contents of the safety deposit box are _being held by the police until the trial.A. theoreticallyB. temporarily C. rationally D. naturally14. _ of halfstarving foxes were roaming the snowcovered mountain areas.A. HerdsB. PacksC. FlocksD. Crowds15. The very idea of her winning the English competition is quite _.A. strangeB. absurdC. unlikelyD. sensible16. The earnest student waited with some slight _while the teacher was reading his composition.A. despairB. upsetC. nervousnessD. hatred17. The woman in the kitchen _ to the doctor that the water was hot.A. motionedB. mentionedC. meantD. motivated18. Two years later the opportunity came for him to take a _American look at the Old World.A. distinctlyB. distinctivelyC. distinctD. distinctive19. The audience disliked the film thoroughly and were _by whistling and stamping their feet.A. protectingB. protestingC. projectingD. proposing20. In brief, it should be our goal to _ as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.A.restoreB. introduceC. suitD. supply21. We should _ with the difficulties we were confronted with.A. accordB. acquaintC. broodD. contend22. She is the person who likes to _ her knowledge.A. show upB. show inC. show offD. show round23. The discovery of gold can bring great _ to our country.A. propertyB. richC. wealthD. sum24. I am _ that many readers are favorably impressed with your writings.A. confirmedB. confidentC. indifferentD. confused25. His _ at the meeting yesterday hurt her a lot.A. conductB. actionC. behaviorD. act试题答案与解析 1 C)【句意】人们对他的童年了解得很少，只知道他早在10岁就在工厂里工作。【难点】此处save为介词，相当于except，但不太通俗，其后除接名词或代词外，也可接that 引导的从句。2 C)【句意】董事会的成员一致认为主要的精力应该放在为取得最高利润而做的努力上面。【难点】understanding 如同suggestion, motion, plan, idea, order等词一样，其后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，should加原形动词或直接用原形动词。3 B)【句意】他们发现为可能遇到的最差的条件做准备是不值得的。【难点】在find it worthwhile to prepare 中，find之后是一个复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to prepare, worthwhile （值得花时间的）是宾语补足语。4 C)【句意】在短道上，四分之一英里赛马比其它品种的马起动要快，转弯要急，跑得也更快。【难点】than other breeds can 是一个比较状语从句，与前边的more quickly， more sharply， faster 等相呼应。A)，D)本身是错的，B)无比较意思。5 B)【句意】多数保险代理人宁愿你在他们调查了情况之后才提出申诉。【难点】would rather 后跟的从句用动词过去时，表示“宁愿别人”，而C)和D)无实义动词，故B)是正确的。6 C)【句意】我身上很脏，是不是?【难点】“I am+表语”这一结构的反意疑问句是一固定结构，即arent I。7 C)【句意】由于疾病，他退休了。【难点】owing to意为“由于，因为”；thanks to意为“幸亏”；according to意为“根据”；for the sake of意为“为了”。8 D)【句意】这辆小汽车有很多特点，包括音响、安全装置、空调和低耗的油表。【难点】此题测试平行结构。所谓平行结构指的是句子的并列成分在结构上应该一致或相同。A)中it saves gas 为句子。B)中尽管各成分在结构上等同，但逻辑意义上不成立，gas指“汽油”，凡汽车皆有，不能构成该车的特点。C)中各成分尽管结构等同，但表示的意义并不指该车的特点。9 A) 【句意】每个男孩和女孩必须将自己的头发梳得干净，整齐。【难点】当我们提到两个单数名词，一个是阳性，另一个是阴性，它们由and 相联，并由each 或every所修饰时，其物主代词应为his。10 D)【句意】我但愿你没有叫吉姆那么伤心，他现在仍然很沮丧。【难点】此题测试wish后虚拟语气表示的不同含义；wish后面可跟复合结构，只有否定形式的过去虚拟语气D)had not hurt 才符合题意。11 D)【句意】在学校统一学生着装之前，学生们穿什么的都有。【难点】standardize 意为“标准化，使合标准，规格化”；manage意为“使用，运用，操纵”；authorize意为“批准，核定，准许”；regulate意为“控制，制约；为制订规章”。12 B)【句意】美国的人口有各种各样的种族背景，而日本人口则是同一种族。【难点】homogenous 意为“同类的；同性质的；同特征的”；autonomous 意为“自治的”；ambitious 意为“有野心的；有抱负的”；anonymous意为“无特色的，无个性特征的”。13 B)【句意】贵重物品保险箱里的东西暂时由警方保管，审判时再打开。【难点】temporarily意为“暂时地，临时地”；theoretically意为“理论上，表面上”；rationally意为“合理的，理性地”；naturally意为“生来；天然地”。14 B)【句意】一群群饿得半死的狐狸在冰雪覆盖的山区游荡。【难点】pack意为“（野兽，飞禽等）一群”；herd意为“牧群(尤指牛群）”；flock意为“畜群(尤指羊群)”；crowd主要指“人群”。15 B)【句意】她能够得英语竞赛冠军，真是荒唐。【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的，愚蠢的”；strange意为“古怪的，不可思议的”；unlikely意为“不大可能的”；sensible意为“合情合理的，切合实际的”。16 C)【句意】这位同学有点紧张地等待着，因为老师在读他的作文。【难点】nervousness 意为“紧张，不安”；despair 意为“绝望”；upset意为“心烦意乱，苦恼”；hatred意为“仇恨；敌意；憎恶”。17 A)【句意】厨房里的女人向大夫示意说水是热的。【难点】motion意为“做手势，点头示意”，motion to sb to do sth 意为“示意某人做某事”；mention意为“提起，说起，谈到”；mean意为“意味着”；motivate意为“使有动机，使产生动机”。18 A)【句意】两年后，他有机会用美国人的眼光看旧世界。【难点】distinctly意为“清楚地，明确地”，修饰形容词American;distinct意为“有区别的，不同的，明确的”；distinctive意为“有区别的，特殊的”；distinctively意为“有区别地，特殊地”。19 B)【句意】观众用吹哨、跺脚的方式表示抗议。他们根本不喜欢这个电影。【难点】protest 意为“抗议，提出异议；反对”，后接against; protect意为“保护，保卫