英语四级考试资料ppt-快速阅读.pptVIP

大学英语四级考试 阅读讲座 第一讲：快速阅读 四级考快速阅读解题攻略 v1. 快速阅读新旧题型改革概述 v2. 快速阅读部分考点透视 v3. 快速阅读的解题思路与应试技巧 四级考试长对话新旧题型改革概述 v快速阅读是2006年6月四级考试改革后添加 的新题型，快速阅读紧跟在写作之后，是新 四级的第二部分，分值占阅读部分的28.6% ，占全卷的10%。 v快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完成约1000词 的文章和后面的10道题。2006年6月-2007年 6月的快速阅读前面7题是是非判断题（Y, N, NG），最近几回的快速阅读前面7题是选择 题；后面3题题型不变，是填空题，要求考生 根据阅读理解，填上所缺部分。 v快速阅读主要在于测试各种快速阅读技能， 特别是短时间内抓住主题（skimming）和定 位信息(scanning)的能力。 快速阅读考点透视 快速阅读的解题思路与应试技巧 v 1. 解题三步骤 v 2. 快速阅读基本方法 v 3. 快速阅读高分技巧 v1）阅读题目以预测文章内容。 v2）浏览文章抓大意。 v3）根据题干寻答案。 1. 解题三步骤 v 1）略读(skimming) v 要求读者有选择的进行阅读，跳过某些细节 抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。 v2）寻读 (scanning) v寻读是针对细节题的一种有效解题方法，通 过题干中的关键词，然后快速在文章中搜索 这一关键词来解题。 2. 快速阅读基本方法 v Skimming 浏览了解文章大意 vHow: Read only selected sentences. Use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words, headlines or subtitles, etc. 2. 快速阅读基本方法 v 浏览5种基本方法 v浏览的关键在于对信息进行取舍，抓大放小。在做 快速阅读时下面这些方法有住于我们快速抓住文章 大意。 v（1）注意印刷细节 v（2）阅读文章开头的一、二段，了解文章体裁和 结构 v（3）阅读段落的主题句和结论句。 v（4）注意连接词的使用 v（5）阅读结尾段，了解作者的结论和态度。 1. Skimming 浏览 v（1）注意印刷细节(typographical details) v如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体字、 黑体字、脚注、标点符号等。通过对文章的 标题、副标题、小标题进行预测浏览，可以 了解作者的写作思路和文章的结构框架，预 测有关的细节。 浏览5种基本方法 v如2008年6月的考题： v文章标题： vMedia Selection for Advertisements v副标题： Television Newspapers Radio Magazines Out of home advertising Internet Direct mail v （2）阅读文章开头的一、二段，了解文章体裁和 结构 v四级阅读以议论文和说明文为主。文章体裁不同， 阅读时关注的重点就不一样。说明文要注意文中的 定义、概念、重要数据和细节；议论文要注意作者 的观点、态度和结论。文章结构不同，文章的重心 也存在差异。现象解释型、问题解决方案型的文章 重在解释和方案，文章重心靠后；结论解释型文章 ，结论和解释都同样重要，文章重心处于一前一尾 。 浏览5种基本方法 v（3）阅读段落的主题句和结论句。 v抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意。大多数主题句位于 段首，结论句位于段末。 v（4）注意连接词的使用 v常用的连接词预示着文章信息的走向。转折词如 however, moreover, in spite of等往往表示信息的 前后对立；并列词in addition to, besides和序列 词firstly, secondly等是信息的对等。 v（5）阅读结尾段，了解作者的结论和态度。 浏览5种基本方法 v Scanning v（1）Scanning 略读定位查找信息 v to scan is to read quickly in order to locate or find the place in a piece of writing where a particular item of information is given and to take in that item of information. This kind of reading involves no reading in any detail of large sections of the pieces of writing. 2. Scanning 略读 v略读基本步骤 v略读技巧 v（1）寻找信号词。 v（2）巧用标点符号 Scanning v 略读基本步骤： v1. Read the questions. v2. Find out key words. v3. Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information you need. Read it carefully. v4. When you find what you need, do not read further. 2. Scanning v（1）寻找信号词。 v在文章的浏览过程中，对文中信息重要性的判断可 以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过 程中，读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息 和非重要信息。以下列出的是阅读过程中常见的几 类“信号词”。 vA. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息： vThe main/important point/conclusion/ reason. v The point to note here vB. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架： v There are three major reasons 略读技巧 v（1）寻找信号词。 vC. 转折词but，however 等表示信息的前后对比。 vThe rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate. vD. 并列连词 moreover, in addition to, besides 和 序列词 firstly, secondly等，预示信息的对等。 vE. 表示因果关系：as a result, owing to, therefore, hence, consequently, because, because of, for, due to, hence等。 vF. 表示例证关系：for example, for instance等 v举例是为了解释说明，因此例子前面的说明和后面 的结论就是重点信息。 略读技巧 v（1）寻找信号词。 vG. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案，提示读者答 案中有重要信息，例如： vWhy is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood. vH. 有时，为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点，作者 会在文中反复提出自己的观点，例如： vDeath control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing. 略读技巧 v（1）寻找信号词。 v I. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的，因此，读 者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”，如： vTherefore the result vIn conclusion we can conclude vOne of the primary conclusions 略读技巧 v （2）巧用标点符号 v破折号、冒号和小括号在文章中起解释说明 的作用，巧用这些符号一方面可以让我们理 解生词或难句。另一方面，这些标点符号是 为了突出前面的信息，如果不需要，我们就 可以把这些标点符号后面的细节忽略，从而 加快阅读速度。 v例如： 2. 快速阅读基本方法 v （2）巧用标点符号 vThe developing countries are dependent on cash crops sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton. vPrecipitating/ unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics) vDumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (tats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!). 2. 快速阅读基本方法 v 1. 定位信息是关键, 先确定大的范围，然后 再根据题目的具体信息锁定目标。 v2. 掌握规律助答题 v（1）多项选择题4大特点 v（2）填空题解题技巧 3. 快速阅读高分技巧 v A.原文照搬 v由于快速阅读主要考查的是考生的阅读速度，所以 四级考卷的命题者对相当比例的题目，只要求考生 能够找出原文相对应的位置，就可以选出正确答案 。 vB.同义转述 v多项选择的答案通常是原话的同义替换，以同义词 或近义词取代部分原话内容。 多项选择题4大特点 4How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers? AThey organize a series of seminars on world economy BThey offer them various courses in international politics CThey arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program DThey give them chances for international study or internship vAnd in the United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships （实习） abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible. vC.概括大意 v概括大意题有可能是概括整篇文章的大意， 也有可能是概括某一个段落的大意。 vD. 肯定否定变换 v通常命题方式是原文用否定句，考题既是肯 定句，或者是原文用肯定句，考题用否定句 。 多项选择题4大特点 v A.原文照搬。 v快速阅读中的填空题很多都可以照搬原文中的表达 。 vB.同义转述。 v快速阅读中的填空题很多都是原文的同义转述。 vC.细节归纳。 v这样的题目较难，因为考生需要运用自己的综合知 识灵活处理。 填空题解题技巧 v 10The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and_. vThey fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and like immigrants throughout historystrengthen the nation Listening: 2012.6 Long Conversations Long Conversations v考点位置：对话的特征决定了这些内 容往往在文中问答交替处，尤其是问 题的回答部分。 v考点：短对话中的反问、建议、原因 等内容。 答题技巧 v先纵后横 v开头原则 (前3句往往出第一个考点) v同义替换 graduate = finish school v转折词 v细节题（做好笔记） 19. A) Hosting an evening TV program. B) Having her bicycle repaired. C) Lecturing on business management. D) Conducting a market survey. 20.A) He repaired bicycles. B) He served as a consultant. C) He worked as a salesman. D) He coached in a racing club. 21.A) He wanted to be his own boss. B) He found it more profitable. C) He didnt want to start from scratch. D) He didnt want to be in too much debt. 22.A) They work five days a week. B) They are all the mans friends. C) They are paid by the hour. D) They all enjoy gambling. 23.A) It has gradually given way to service industry. B) It remains a major part of industrial activity. C) It has a history as long as paper processing. D) It accounts for 80 percent of the regions GDP. 24.A) Transport problems. B) Shortage of funding. C) Lack of resources. D) poor management. 25.A) Competition from rival companies. B) Product promotion campaigns. C) Possible locations for a new factory D) Measures to create job opportunities. Section B Passages Passages v以议论文、说明文和记叙文三大体裁为基础。 v考点： v议论文：论点、分论点、典型论据以及结论和作者 态度方面等； v说明文：说明对象、说明对象各方面的特点等； v记叙文：以短小故事类为主，考察事情的起因、经 过和结果。 Passages v考试技巧： v文章开篇首三句：中心论点、说明对象、事 情起因； v文末：议论文的结论、作者态度、记叙文的 结果； v文中：分论点与说明对象各方面特点都有比 较明显的抽象性，而典型论据则具备典型词 汇的辅助，如first, main, only, vital, crucial, chief, major, above all, 最高级表达等。 v考试发展形势：以说明文为主导，综合了各 类文章考试特点而形成的综合式段子成为了 我们的考试主流。考察点依然集中在文章开 篇3句、结尾3句以及文章中间典型论据、原 因转折、反复重复之处。 26.A)They shared mutual friends in school. B) They had known each other since childhood. C) They shared many extracurricular activities. D) They had many interests in common. 27.A) At a local club. B) At Joes house. C) At the sports center. D) At the bearing school. 28.A) Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain. B) One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect. C) It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends D) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other 29.A) Near the entrance of a park. B) In his buildings parking lot C) At a parking meter. D) At a street corner. 30.A) It had been taken by the police B) It had keen moved to the next block. C) In had been stolen by someone. D) It had been parked at a wrong place 31.A) At the Greenville center. B) At a public parking lot. C) In a neighboring town. D) In a city garage. 32.A) Famous creative individuals. B) The mysteriousness of creativity. C) A major scientific discovery. D) Creativity as shown in arts. 33.A) It is something people all engage in. B) It helps people acquire knowledge. C) It starts soon after we are born. D) It is the source of all artistic work. 34.A) Creative imagination. B) Logical reasoning C) Natural curiosity. D) Critical thinking. 35.A) It is beyond ordinary people. B) It is yet to be fully understood. C) It is part of everyday life. D) It is a unique human trait. 复合式听写 v1）前8个小词是自己的问题，多注意一些词 语如：Majority, frequently, environment, government, mechanism, correspondence, architecture, artificial, cooperation, coordination, specialist等字母很多但是平时 又比较熟悉的词语。 v2）评分办法长句子的原文重现 复合式听写 v3） 概括的三种办法 vDoctors have strongly encouraged their patients to do more physical exercise in their daily life. （主干提取法） vWe can know about running from numerous running clubs, books, and magazines (many media). vWill it last long? Only time will tell or until another passion comes along (Nobody knows). 补充：特殊句型总结 v一、形肯定意否定的句型 v二、形否定意肯定的句型 一、形肯定意否定的句型 v1、Id like toId love to，but v The students English club is having a party on Saturday night. Can you come？ I would like to, but I work at a restaurant on weekends v2、使用虚拟语气 vIf the traffic wasnt so bad, I could have been home by 6:00. What a pity! John was here to see you. v又如： Do you like physics? Well, I wish it were interesting. v5、anything but句型。基本意思“除以外 的任何事物”或“根本不”。 v如： Everyone is helping out with dinner. Could you make the soup? Anything but that v6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。 v Youre not much of a rock and roll fan, are you？ Its far from being my favorite kind of music, thats for sure vCan you possibly lend me $ 10 until pay-day? Its out of the que