日常交际用语简表.doc

日常交际用语简表 日常交际用语简表最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：1介绍This is Mr./Mrs./Miss这是 Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。2. 告别I think its time for us to leave , Goodbye！我想我们该离开了。再见！3. 打电话Hello！May I speak to ？你好！请找？ Hold on, please. 请别挂机。4. 感谢和应答Thanks a lot! 多谢！Not at all. Thats all right. 不客气。5. 祝愿，祝贺和应答 Good luck！/Congratulations！/Merry Christmas! 祝你好运！祝贺你！圣诞快乐! Thank you. The same to you. 谢谢你。同样祝你。6. 道歉和应答Im sorry（for/about）很抱歉 Thats all right. /Thats nothing. 没关系。7. 遗憾和同情What a pity ! Im sorry to hear太遗憾了！我听说 8. 邀请和应答Would you like to？你愿意？ Yes, its very kind of you. /Id love to, but是的，你太好了。/我很愿意去。但是 9. 提供和应答 What can I do for you？Let me for you. /Would you like some？ 我能为你做些什么？让我为你/你愿意来点？ Thanks. That would be nice. 多谢。那太好了。 Yes, please. /Thats nice of you, but谢谢。/太好了,但是 10. 请求允许和应答May I？/Can I？我可以？Yes, do please. /Of course. /Im sorry, but/Youd better not. 是的。请便。/当然。/对不起，但是。/你最好不要 11. 同意和不同意Yes, I thinks so. /Thats a good idea. /I agree （with you）. 是的，我想是这样的。/这是个好主意。/我同意。I dont think so. /I really cant agree with you. 我不这样认为。/我真的不同意你的看法。 12. 肯定和不肯定I am sure（that ）我确定 Im not sure （if, whether）/Perhaps. /Maybe. 我不确定/或许。/大概。13. 喜好和厌恶I like very much.我很喜欢。I dont like ( to so / doing). 我不喜欢。I hate（to do/doing）我不愿意 14. 谈论天气Whats the weather like today？ How is the weather？ 今天天气如何？/天气怎么样？Its fine./Its rather warm, isnt it？ 天气晴朗。/天气暖和，不是吗？15. 购物Can I help you？/What color（size, kind）do you want？我能为你做些什么？ / 你要什么颜色？I want. How much is it？/Thats fine, Ill take it. 我想要。它多少钱？/这件不错，我就要它了。16. 问路和应答 Excuse me, can you tell me the way to ？打扰了，你能告诉我去路吗？Go down this street. Turn right at the third crossing. 沿着这条街一直走，在第三个十字路口右转。17. 时间日期和应答Whats time？/What day is it today？/Whats the date? 几点了？/今天星期几？今天几号？Its two. /Its Tuesday. /Its March the fourth. 两点。/星期二。/3月14日。18. 请求Could/Would you please？/Please pass me请你？请递给我 19. 劝告和建议Youd better你最好 You should. 你应该 Shall we我们可以？How about？如何？20. 就餐What would you like to have？/Help yourself to你想吃点什么？请自便。Thank you. I have had enough. /Just a little, please. 谢谢你。我吃饱了。/就一点，谢谢。21. 约会Are you free this afternoon? 今天下午你有空吗？No, I wont be free then. But Ill be free我下午没有空，但是我有空 22. 传递信息Will you give this note/message to？你能带便条/口信给？23. 看病I feel terrible. /Ive got a pain here. 我感觉不舒服/我这里疼。Take this medicine three times a day. Youll be all right soon. 这个药一天吃三次。你很快就会好。词汇结构（一）1利用表示增加与递进关系的词这样的词包括：and, again, also，too, besides, moreover, furthermore, but, in addition to等。2利用表示比较与对比关系的词这样的词包括:but, however, although, in contrast, instead of 等。3利用表示因果关系的词这样的词包括：because ,so, as a result, thus, consequently, therefore等。4. 利用表示让步关系的词这类词包括：if, although, in spite of, while, whereas等。实例分析1The car was repaired but not quite to my _. A. joy B. pleasure C. attraction D. satisfaction 答案：D。to ones satisfaction（名词）:使某人满意的是to ones surprise：使某人吃惊的是，to ones amazement：使某人高兴的是。2. His business is growing so fast that he must _ more workers. A. take up B. take on C. take over D. take out 答案：B。take on：有“开始雇佣接收接纳”的意思。如：Doctor Watson isnt taking on any new patients. 沃森医生不再接收新病人了。本句的意思是“他的生意发展的如此的快，他必须雇佣更多的工人。”因此B最符合题意。take up：占去（地方、时间、经历、注意力等）This table takes up too much space.这张桌子太占地方了。take over：接收，接管。The new department head took over yesterday.新的部主任昨天接任。take out：拿出，取出。He took his pen out and signed on the spot.他掏出笔，当场签了字。3. Having finished the letter, he _ it carefully and sealed the envelop with a kiss. A. folded B. bent C. turned D. equipped 答案：A。fold：折叠，对折。fold a blanket（letter）折毯子（信）。本句的意思是“他写完信，小心地叠起来，用舌头舔了一下封上口。”因此A最符合题意。bent：弯曲的，turn：旋转，equip：装备。4. It is _ for a person in his position to make such a mistake. A. rare B. less C. little D. few 答案：A。rare：此处的意思是：罕见的。本句的意思是“一个处在他这样位置的人难得犯这种错误。”其它三个词不符合题意。5. I cannot tell the _ difference between the twins. A. slender B. single C. simple D. slight 答案：D。slight：轻微的，少量的。He speaks English with a slight German accent.他讲英语略带德国口音。slight difference：细微的差别。因此只有D最符合题意。Slender：苗条的，修长的，微小的，微薄的。She was slender and had long dark hair.她身材苗条，头发又黑又长。a slender income微薄的收入，slender confidence：欠缺的信心。single：单一的A single light was burning in the room.房间里点着一盏孤灯。simple：简单的，简易的。The point I am making is a very simple one.我想提出的论点很简单。6. Words _ meaning, as we all know. A. convince B. convey C. contribute D. conquer 答案：B。convey：表达，传递。Please convey my best wishes to your parents.请向您的父母转达我最美好的祝福。本句的意思是“众所周知，语言表达思想。”只有B最合适。Convince：使确信；contribute：做贡献；conquer：征服。7. I gave John a present but he gave me nothing _. A. in return B. in turn C. in advance D. in vain 答案：A。in return（for）：作为（对的）报答（或回报）；作为（对的）交换：What can I do in return for your kindness？我怎么才能报答你的好意呢？所以只有A最符合题意。in turn：依次，轮流。Well cross the bridge in turn. 我们将挨个过桥。in advance：预先，事先。You ought to have told me in advance. 你本该事先告诉我的。in vain：徒然，白费力。All our work was in vain. 我们白干了一场。答题技巧词汇与语法结构单句选择语法重点时态语法部分主要涵盖以下重点：动词的时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、虚拟语气，以及各种从句等。我们先来学习时态：1.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。1)Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _ it. A. finish B. are finished C. have finished D. are finishing 答案A。2)Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come 答案D。2.在“This is the first time”结构中，后面的从句用现在完成时。句子开头也可以用it代替this 例：This is the first time that I have met Jane. 3.在“It/This is +形容词最高级+名词后面的从句中，用现在完成时。” 例：This is one of the best books _ on the subject. A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written C. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written 答案为A。 4.在“It is/has been时间段since后边用过去时。” 例：It has been twenty years since I left my hometown. 5.在“no soonerthan”和“hardly when”结构中，主句部分用过去完成时，从句部分用过去时。1)I had no sooner returned than he called. 2)We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 6.在“It is (high) time后边的从句中用过去时。” 例：It is time that we had a rest. 1情态动词后接完成时的用法:情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。只有ought后面接to do。2must现在完成时结构：这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。例：I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had 答案为D。3should (ought to )have done用来表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。例：Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier. A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phoned D. should be phoned 答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在他走之前和他联系上，我本应早点儿给他打电话的。” 4could现在完成时，表示本来能做的事情而没有做。例：Mary _ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour. A. could have bought B. must have bought C. can buy D. could buy 答案为A。玛丽本来可以买那件大衣的，但是她把钱借给一个更急需的邻居了。虚拟1虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用：虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。1）If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using 根据前面的讲解，正确答案为A。 2）Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk. A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went 答案为B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。2某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用，这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。例：The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important task. A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left 答案为B。3在It is desired(或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有： It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。例：Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week, A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 答案为C。4在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would come C. came D. have come 答案为C。would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。2）He talks as if he _ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have know 正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。3）You look as if you had seen a ghost. 此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的动作，所以用过去完成时。4）I wish I knew his address. 在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。5）Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college. Acould study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 答案为C。表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。5在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking? A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up 答案为B。答题技巧词汇与语法结构单句选择语法重点非谓语动词动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的独立成分。动词非谓语形式有一般时、进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。在解答有关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：1英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。1）We shall appreciate _ from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heard 答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。2）The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told 短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。3）We all feel sorry for _ for so long after your arrival. A. keep you waiting B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for you D. keep you wait 答案为B。2非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well. A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating decorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. hearing B. being heard C. to hear D. heard hear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。3）The manager has his employees _ a business report every week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。4）we are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging 答案为C。3非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。例：Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people were C. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found 根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的peoples结构不对，正确答案只能是A。4掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。例：The famous novel is said _ into Chinese. A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translated D. to translate 答案为C。从句主要有四种，分别是定语从句、状语从句（特别是让步状语从句），宾语从句和主语从句。下面分别给同学们提示一些需要注意的问题。1定语从句定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。从形式上看，限制性定语从句由who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等关系代词或when ,why, where等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现that，而且要用逗号把主句和从句分开。1）An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport . A. that B. whom C. who D. Which 这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是B，因为此处的whom 是stay with 的逻辑宾语。 2）The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _ are separated from the others by land or water. A. them B. that C. which D. those 正确答案为C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。2状语从句状语从句有很多种，让步状语从句是个难点。让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导：though, although, even if, even though, whetheror, no matter wh-(或how), whatever(whoever, whichever等)。1） _，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema. A. No matter whomever you are B. In whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you 四个选择项中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B项中in whomever部分格式不对，D项的语序不对，只有C是正确的。2）Young _ he is, he knows what is a right thing to do. A. that B. as C. although D. however 正确答案是B。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。 3宾语从句宾语从句比较简单，它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份，通常可以由that，if, whether及what引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。例：I always take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than he is. 句子的it指代的是后边that从句的内容。4主语从句主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有what, that以及who, why, where, when等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设it为形式主语，与下边这些结构连用。It is a pity that It is an honor that It is a shame that It is a good thing that It is a fact that It is a surprise that 以及It is strange that It is surprising that It is true that It is fortunate that It is necessary that It is possible(impossible)that 1）It is desirable that he _. Agives up trying B. give up trying C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying 答案B。本句也是一种虚拟语气句。 2） _ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That 答案为A。在复习语法的过程中，除了以上讲到的这些内容，考生还应留意倒装句结构及附加疑问句的句子结构。倒装句1. 否定词放置句首时, 助动词或be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装. 常用的否定词有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner than)。Not until I reminded him for the third time _ working and looked up. A. that he stopped B. does he stopped C. did he stop D. that he stopped 答案为C。 2Onlyadv. 句子要倒装。1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress. 只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。3. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。So little _ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I know 答案为A。 4. 虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 答案为B。附加疑问句1附加疑问句的基本用法附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加问句。一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。1）He had to finish the work yesterday, _？ A. hadnt he B. had he C. didnt he D. did he 答案为C。have 作“有”以外解释时，附加疑问句要用助动词do/does/did。2）There wont be any concert this Saturday evening, _？ A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. will it be 答案为B。当陈述句为there be 句型时，附加疑问句用其否定或肯定的疑问句式。2含有否定词的用法：若陈述句部分已有表示否定的hardly, scarcely, never, seldom等词时，反问句部分要用肯定。）She scarcely cares for anything, _？ A. doesnt B. does she C. is she D. isnt she 答案为B。3祈使句：1）Please let us have more time, _？ A. shall we B. will you C. wont you D. dont you （答案：B。Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反问部分主语用we时，谓语用shall。如：Lets go, shall we？2）Dont forget to write to me, _？ A. do you B. wont you C. are D. will you 答案为D。答题技巧词汇与语法结构单句选择语法重点实例分析8. You ought _ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday. A. to report B. to have reported C. to reporting D. have reported 答案：B。本句测试情态动词ought to完成时，表示应当做的事情而没有做。本句的意思是：“前天你应当向经理汇报这件事情。”因此B为正确答案。9. We look