九年级英语新目标教材详解GoforitGrade9.doc

Go for it! 九年级英语Unit 1 How do you study for a test?为准备考试，你怎样学习？一、 短语 (Phrase) ：1. make mistakes = make a mistake 犯错；出错 2. later on 以后；随后 3. it doesnt matter 没关系 4. be afraid to 害怕去做；不敢去做5. laugh at 嘲笑；取笑6. take notes 做笔记；做记录 7. look up 查阅；查找 8. make up 编造；组成；拼凑成 9. deal with 处理；应付 10. be angry with 生的气；对感到气愤 11. go by (时间)过去； 消逝12. try ones best 尽力做13. break off 突然中止；中断14. read aloud 大声说 15. get excited about 对感到兴奋 16. end up 结束 17. first of all 首先 18. regard as将视为19. make flashcards 制作抽认卡20. learn a lot 学到许多 21. watch videos 看光碟 22. ask sb. for help 向某人求助 23. decide to do sth 决定做某事 24. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 25. make sentences 造句 26. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 27. pop songs 流行歌曲 28. keep an English notebook 记英语笔记29. do a survey = make a survey 做调查 30. that way 那种方法二、 教材知识全解 (Further notes on the text) ：SectionA1. by working with friends 通过和朋友一起学习by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事” by是介词，表示“手段，方法”，其后常接动名词，作方式状语。By getting up early, I can have an hour for doing Taiji in the morning. 通过早起，我每天早晨有一个小时时间打太极。by 的其他意思： 被，由The homework was assigned by the teacher.这些家庭作业是由老师布置的。 靠，用，以方式They crossed the river by ferry. 他们乘渡船过了河。 不迟于；在之前We had to get there by evening. 我们必须在晚上之前抵达那里。 根据，按照How do you know she didnt act by the rules? 你是怎么知道她没有按照规定行事的？ （乘除法）以; 用（乘或除）Ten divided by two makes five. 102=5 (表连续或反复) 逐个；逐批The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence. 教师逐句讲解了这篇课文。 由于He took my notebook by mistake. 他误拿了我的笔记本。 经过；过去A car went by. 一辆小汽车开过。 When I filled out the form she was standing by all the time. 当我填写表格时，她一直站在我身旁。易混辨析：by, in和 with by, in 和with 后面都可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。by指使用的方法或手段；in指使用某种语言、工具的具体类型等(in the way)；with多指用工具，用身体某部位或器官。2. by making flashcards通过制作抽认卡make-v. 制作；做出 Look! The birds have made a nest in the tree. 看！那些鸟儿在树上筑了个巢。易混辨析：make 和 do make 指制造一种以前不存在的东西。 do 强调做某项动作。make a promise/noise/mistake/speech 许诺 / 制造噪音 / 犯错误 / 发言do the dishes/ones hair/ones teeth/sports 洗盘子 / 梳头 / 刷牙/ 做运动3. by asking the teacher for help 通过向老师求助ask sb. for sth. 向寻求帮助；向某人要某物We should ask teachers for help when we have problems. 当我们遇到问题时，我们应向老师寻求帮助。4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 大声朗读练习发音怎么样？ What about? = How about? 其后跟名词、代词或动名词。意为“怎么样？”用于征求对方意见、看法或建议做某事。 aloudadv. 意为“出声的；大声的”易混辨析：aloud, loud和 loudly aloudadv. 意为“出声的；大声的”强调能让人听得见。Read aloud so that we can all hear you. 读大点声，以便我们大家都能听见你。 loudadv.& adj. 意为“大声地；大声的；响亮的”强调声音响亮。常与动词speak, talk, say, laugh 等连用。He spoke in a very loud voice.他用洪亮的声音讲话。Please speak a little louder. 请大点声说。 loudlyadv. 意为“高声地；吵闹地”强调声音高、喧闹或不悦耳。有时与loud 通用。Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人在大声敲门。Dont talk so loudly/loud. 讲话声音不要这么大。5. Its too hard to understand the voices. 听懂那些话太难了。 It be + adj. + ( for sb.) to do sth. 意为：“(对某人来说) 做某事” tooto意为： “太而不能.”易混辨析：voice, sound和noise voice 指说话声、唱歌声和笑声等人发出的声音。 Her voice is very beautiful. 她的嗓音很优美。 sound 作“声音”讲，含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音。a weak sound 微弱的声音 noise 作“噪音；喧闹声”特指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。Another kind of pollution is noise. 另一种污染是噪音。 6. This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more English.7. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. 8. Hes been learning English for six years and really loves it.9. Sometimes, However, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly.10. “We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese,” she said. 我们对有些事情感兴趣了，随后以说汉语而告终。 get excited about 意为：“对感到兴奋”get用作系动词，意为“变成；变得”。类似的taste 尝起来, sound 听起来, smell 闻起来, feel 觉得, look看起来 , seem似乎是 , appear 显得, turn 变得, grow 变得, become 变得易混辨析：excited 和 excitingexcited 和 exciting adj. 均可作表语或定语。excited意为“激动的；兴奋的”，其主语或所修饰的名词通常是人。exciting 意为“令人兴奋的；使人激动的”， 其主语或所修饰的名词通常是物。I was very excited when I heard the exciting news. 当我听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，我激动极了。 end up +n./doing 意为“结束”SectionB1. I make mistakes in grammar. 我犯语法错误。 make mistakes = make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 由于出错；错误地在句中作状语。 make a mistake in 在某方面犯错误易混辨析：mistake, wrong和fault mistake, wrong和fault 都可以指错误。 mistake 强调日常生活中判断或看法的错误。 wrong 指坏事、冤屈、不道德、犯罪等。 fault 强调过失、责任或性格上的弱点。2. cant get the pronunciation right 不能准确发音 get right 意为“使正确”；“纠正” get为使役动词，right是形容词作宾语补足语。3. talk to / with sb. 对/与某人谈话 talk about谈论(某人某事)往往涉及具体内容talk of 谈到；谈起 不涉及具体内容 4. Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English? 你为什么不参加英语俱乐部练习说英语呢？ Why dont you ? = Why not + 动词原形+?“ 你为何不呢？用来表示“建议、责备”等语气，语气比较强烈。 动词不定式to practice speaking English 在句中作目的状语。 英语中有些动词后要跟动名词形式，enjoy / finish / mind / practise / suggest + doing sth. 易混辨析：join, take part in和 join in join 指参加某党派、团体，参军等，并且成为其中的一员。He joined the army last year.take part in 指参加某项活动（比赛）或在活动中负责任。Did you take part in the sports meeting yesterday?join in 指参加某项活动或会议，但多指正在进行的活动。I hope you join in the discussion. 5. First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked. 首先，当老师讲课时，我不容易听懂老师讲的。 first of all意为“首先；第一”，放在句首，后用逗号隔开，通常用来强调事情的重要性。易混辨析：first, first of all 和 at first first, first of all 和 at first 都可以表示“首先”。first 意为“首先，第一，首要”，含有强调意味时，first与first of all相同。at first 意为“起先；开始”。He took the first bus to town. （第一班车）First of all, let me ask you something. （首先）At first I didnt know what had happened. （开始） It + be + adj. ( of / for sb. ) to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）做某事是的”it为形式主语，不定式的复合结构在句中作真正的主语。注：表示客观情况的形容词后用for;表示主观感情或态度的形容词后用of. when she talked. 时间状语从句。6. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 开始，她说的太快，我不能听懂每一个单词。 to begin with = first 常用来列举原因。 当every, all等表示整体意义的词与not连用时，常表示部分否定或半否定。易混辨析：each, all 和 every each 指“各个”，以个别为主。all 指“所有”，概括全体。every 相当于each and all, 不仅指“每个”，而且概括全体。The teacher wants every student to succeed;however,each student will find his own personal road tosuccess. 7. Later on, I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word. 后来，我意识到，如果你听不懂每个单词也没有关系。 that later on “以后，随后，下回”位于句首或句尾作状语。It will be colder later on. 以后天会更冷。 realize v. 意为“认识到；了解到”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。realize 不能用于进行时态。8. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner.我认为做大量的听力练习是学好一门语言的秘笈之一。9. Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammer I was learning. 然后我就开始用我正在学习的语法自己写句子。11. she had trouble making complete sentences. 造完整的句子对她来说有困难。have fun / trouble / difficulty / danger+doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 、困难、危险Self Check1. If you dont know how to spell new words, look them up in a dictionary. 如果你不知道怎样拼写生词，就查字典。 if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。 look up in a dictionary 在字典中查询2. This kind of paper feels very soft. 这种纸摸上去很柔软。 this kind of 这种. feel 是连系动词，意为“摸上去；感觉起来”，其后跟形容词。3. most people speak English as a second language. 大多数人把英语作为第二语言来讲。 a second 意为“再一；又一” as 意为“作为”易混辨析：speak, talk, say 和 tell speak 强调开口说话、发言的动作，其后跟语言作宾语。talk 强调双方说话，talk to / with / of / about say 强调说话内容，不接“人”作宾语。tell 告诉；讲故事；说谎，接双宾语或复合宾语。Reading1. And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy. 如果我们不处理我们的问题，我们可能很容易变得不快乐。 unless意为“除非；如果不”，用来引导条件状语从句，相当于ifnot, 在许多情况下可以互换。You will fail in the exam unless you work hard. 如果你不努力学习，你就会考试不及格。 deal with = do with 意为“处理，对付”deal with 侧重方式，方法，与how 连用；do with 侧重对象，与what 连用。2. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school. It can also influence the way we behave with our families. 为我们的问题担心会影响我们在学校的表现。它也会影响我们与家人的相处。3. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. 我们绝大多数人可能都生过朋友、父母或老师的气。 be angry with sb. 对某人感到生气、愤怒be angry at / about sth. 对某事生气be angry for 因为而生气4. Time goes by, and friendships may be lost. 时间不断地流逝，美好的友谊可能也失去了。 go by 表示“（时间）过去，消逝”Time went by slowly. 时光慢慢流逝。 loseloseslosinglostlost5. By regarding problems as challenges. 把问题看作是挑战。regardas意为“把看作”，“把视为”。as 为介词，其后接名词。I regard you as my best friend. 6. Many students often complain about school.许多学生时常抱怨学校。 complain to sb. of / about sth. 向某人抱怨/诉苦/叫屈 关于某事He complained to me about the food.他向我抱怨伙食不佳。 complain thatShe complained that her husband was so lazy a man. 她抱怨说她的丈夫是如此懒惰的一个人。7. We must learn how to change these “problems”into challenges. 我们必须学会怎样把这些“问题”转化为“挑战”。change into 意为“将变为”，“使变为”In 3 years, she changed herself into an elegant lady. 在三年内，她把自己变成了一名优雅的妇人。Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。一、短语 (Phrase) ：1. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事2. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 3. be outgoing 外向的；爱出风头的 4. be afraid of 恐怕；害怕；担忧 5. wait a minute 等一下 6. in front of 在前面 7. be terrified of 非常害怕的；极度恐惧的 8. after school 毕业 9. worry about 担心 10. all the time 一直 11. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 12. chat with 与聊天 13. play games 做游戏 14. daily life 日常生活 15. have to 不得不 16. stressed out 紧张的；有压力的 17. cant afford 负担不起 18. pay for 偿还；付款 19. look after 照顾；照料；看管 20. cause problems 引起问题 21. be interested in 对感兴趣 22. get into trouble with 在遇到困难 23. make a decision 做决定 24. boarding school 寄宿学校 25. to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是26. no longer 不再；已不 27. take pride in 对 感到自豪 28. pay attention to 对注意 29. give up 放弃 30. help sb. ( to ) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 31. go to sleep 入睡 32. in the last few years 近几年 33. in th end 最后；终于 34. even though 既然；纵然；尽管 35. spend time (in)doing sth. 花费时间做某事 36. instead of 代替 37. sound like 听起来38. get up early 起床很早 39. go right home 直接回家40. take sb. to concerts 带某人去音乐会41. not any more 不再42. 二、 教材知识全解 (Further notes on the text) ：SectionA1. Mario, you used to be short, didnt you? 玛里奥，你以前很矮，不是吗？ used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”，表示过去和现在对比，暗示现在已经不存在的动作或状态。 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”， to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。He is used to getting up early in the morning. be used to do sth. 意为：“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可以用于各种时态。Pans are used to cook food. 2. Dont you remember me?难道你不记得我妈？否定式疑问句常用来表示惊讶、责备、建议、看法或赞叹等。3. Did you use to play the piano? 你过去常弹钢琴吗？ play + the + 乐器 / play + 球类名词 一般疑问句：Did you use to play the piano? Used you to play the piano? 否定句：You didn use to play the piano. You used not to play the piano. 4. being alone 独处 alone adj. & adv. 意为“单独的（地），独自的（地），作形容词时常用作表语，强调数量少。 lonely adj. 意为“孤独的，寂寞的，人烟稀少的“，可作表语或定语，带有感情色彩。He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. 他一个人过，但从不感到孤单。The old man lives alone in a lonely village. 这位老人独自住在一个偏僻的村子里。5. Did you use to be afraid of the dark? 你过去害怕黑吗？ afraid adj. 害怕，只作表语，不作定语。 be afraid of sb. / sth. 和 be afraid to do sth. She is afraid of snakes. 她害怕蛇。 Linda is afraid to go out at night. 琳达不敢晚上出去。 be afraid that 意为“恐怕”是委婉拒绝别人的一种表达方式。 Im afraid that I cant go to the party. I have to study for the maths test tomorrow. fear v. 害怕的， 与 be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用。（特别是在口语中） We fear no difficulty. 我们不怕困难。 frightened adj. 受惊吓的、害怕的，可作表语，也可作定语。 She is too frightened to move. 她太害怕了不能动弹。6. Im terrified of the dark. 我对黑暗很恐惧。terrify v. （使）害怕；（使）恐惧；terrified adj. 使某人感到害怕/恐惧；be terrified of= be afraid of Im terrified of flying. Id rather go by train. 7. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。 go to sleep 入睡 = fall asleep on adj.& adv. 意为“开着的，接通的；工作着或使用中；反义词为：off SectionB1. I dont worry about tests.我不担心考试。worry about sb. / sth. = be worried about 为某人或某事担心、焦虑、烦恼 2. When I was young, I used to have so much time, but these days I get up early and stay in school all day. 小时候，我常常有很多时间，但是现如今我很早就起床，整天呆在学校里。 When I was young 是时间状语从句； so much + 不可数名词 意为“如此多的；这么多”；so many + 可数名词复数 these days 意为“当今；现在；目前”可用于一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时。 all day = all day long 意为“一整天；一天到晚”3. Then I go right home and eat dinner. 然后我直接回家。go right home 直接回家 right adv. 直接地The icy wind blew right through me. 冰冷的风直接吹向我。4. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just dont have the time anymore. 在我上中学之前，我常常花很多时间和朋友们一起做游戏，但现在我再也没有这样的时间了。 易混辨析：spend, cost, take 和 pay Sb. spend + 金钱 + on sth. 某人花费多少钱在某物上。Tom spent ten cents on popcorn. 汤姆花了10美分买爆米花。Sb. spend + 时间 + on sth. / (in)doing sth. 某人在某物/做某事上花费多少时间。Linda spent two hours on her homework.Linda spent two hours ( in ) doing her homework. 琳达花了两个小时做作业。 Sth. cost (sb.) + 金钱, 表示某物花了（某人）多少钱。A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 表示做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them two years to build this school. 他们用了两年时间建完这所学校。 Sb. pay (sb.) money for sth. 表示付钱（给某人）买某物。I paid one hundred yuan for the present. 这件礼物我花了100元。pay for sth. 表示赔偿某物pay for sb. 表示替某人付款 易混辨析：no longer 和 no more no longer = not any longer, 指“时间上不再延续”，常与状态动词或延续性动词连用。Tom doesnt live here any longer. 汤姆不住在这儿了。He is no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩了。 no more = not any more 指“数量上或程度上不再增加”，常与瞬间动词连用。He doesnt work any more. 他不在工作了。5. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. 这些天，我几乎从没有时间听音乐会。hardly adv. 意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not, 本身有否定之意。I hardly had time to eat breakfast. 6. How Ive changed! 我变化多大呀！这是一个感叹句，其结构为：How+主语+谓语！How time flies! 时间飞逝！How I wish to go to the Great Wall someday!Self Check1. It will make you stressed out.它会使你压力很大。make sb. stressed out 意为“是某人精疲力竭2. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 看起来于梅好像变化很大。 It seems that 意为“看起来”It seems that it will rain. 看起来要下雨。 It seems like 意为“似乎，好像”It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年没见面了。Reading1. Martin Murray is a fifteen-year-old boy. 马丁默里是一个15岁的男孩。fifteen-year-old 是一个合成形容词，由“数词+名词+形容词”构成，其后跟单数名词。2. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her childs education. 她的妈妈没有足够的钱支付她孩子的教育费用。 afford 通常与can, be able to 等连用，表示“负担得起（费用、损失、后果等）；抽得出（时间）”。其后一般跟名词、代词、不定式，主要用于否定句、疑问句中。We cant afford to pay such a price. pay for 表示“负担费用；替某人付款”3. To do this, she had to work, and so was often not at home. 为了交学费，她不得不打工，因此她常常不在家。To do this, 意为“为了”，作目的状语。4. His mother looked after him as well as she could. 她的母亲尽可能地照顾他。 as well as she could = as well as possible as + adj./adv. + as one can / possible 都表示“尽可能”5. He was not interested in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. 他学习不感兴趣，并且经常受到警察的传讯。be / become interested in 对感兴趣get into trouble 意为“遇到困难、麻烦”6. Luckily, his mother was very patient and didnt give up trying to help him. 幸运的是，他的妈妈很有耐心，并且没有放弃帮助他。be patient with sb. 意为“对某人有耐心”be patient of sth. 意为“忍耐某事”7. The head teachter said it was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. 校长说马丁有必要与他的妈妈谈谈。马丁给他的妈妈打了电话，但使人吃惊的是，这个电话改变了他的生活。 it was necessary for Martin to his surprise 插入语，放在句首或句中，意为“使某人吃惊的；使某人惊奇的”give sb. a surprise“给某人一个意外惊喜”易混辨析：surprise, surprised 和 surprising surprise n. “惊奇，惊讶” surprised adj. “对感到惊奇的”主语习惯上是人，其后多接介词at 。 surprising adj. 指“令人惊奇的”，作表语时主语习惯上是事物。To my surprise, my father was surprised at the surprising news. 使我感到意外的是，我的父亲对这个令人震惊的消息感到惊讶不已。8. I realize that since my father died, I have been afraid of being alone, and have tried to make my mother pay more attention to me.我意识到自从爸爸去世后，我一直害怕孤独，设法让妈妈多关心我。 that since my father died, pay attention to意为“注意；关注”，这里to是介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词。 try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”易混辨析：try to do sth. 和 try doing sth. try to do sth. 意为“试图做某事；尽力做某事”，相当于 try ones best to do sth. try doing sth. 意为“尝试做某事”易混辨析：be able to 和 can be able to 表示经过努力且达到目的，可用在将来时、完成时和过去时中。 can 表示有能力做某事，仅用于一般现在时和一般过去时。易混辨析：problem 和 question problem 指客观存在，等待解决或决定的问题，着重指困难的问题或理科中有关运算的问题，需要解答。question 指主观对某事迷惑不解，等待回答的具体问题，着重在不能断定，文科中的问题常用question,回答用answer 。Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。一、短语(Phrase) ：1. allow to do sth. 允许做某事 2. get ones ears pierced 扎耳朵眼儿 3. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 4. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 5. stay up 熬夜 6. get to class late 上课迟到 7. be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 8. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格9. would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 10. concentrate on 全神贯注；专注于 11. get in the / ones way 挡道的；妨碍人的 12. go out 外出 13. at night 在晚上 14. need to do sth. 需要做某事 15. instead of 代替； 而不是 16. agree with 同意 17. be good for 对有好处 18. believe in 信任 19. learn to do sth. 学习/学会做某事 20. have an opportunity to do sth. 有做的机会 21. at present 目前 22. old peoples home 养老院 23. care about 担心；关心 24. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 25. reply to 答复 26. get noisy 吵闹27. 28. 二、教材知识全解 (Further notes on the text) ：SectionA1. Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night. 应该允许青少年每天晚上和他们的朋友一起外出。 should 情态动词，表示劝告和建议，意为“应当，应该”。含有情态动词的被动语态结构： 情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 。Young trees must be watered often. 必须经常给小树浇水。 teenager 是一个合成名词，意为“13-19青少年”。teen是指“13-19岁”age 表示“年龄”。teenage adj. 意为“十几岁的” allow v. 意为“允许；准许”，常用于下列结构中： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom. allow doing sth. 允许做某事 We dont allow smoking in public. 我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不允许吸烟。易混辨析：allow 和 let allow v. 指默许，是一种较为消极的允许，常用结构为：allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 let v. 指“让，允许”，不含有限的意思。常用结构为：let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 2. Students should not be allowed to have part-time jobs. 不应当允许学生做兼职工作。part-time 是合成形容词，意为“兼职的，业余的，非全日制的”，其反义词是full-time “全职的”。In America many students do part-time jobs. 在美国，许多学生做兼职工作。易混辨析：job 和 work job n. 工作，特指“雇佣工作”，是可数名词。 work n. & v. 工作，劳动，指一般的工作，为普通用词，且不可数。（ 当work 意为“著作”时，是