定语从句语法与练习.doc

定语从句一、有关定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。(2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。如：This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。二、关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语)The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语，可以省略)I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语)Here is the coat which/that will be bought for you. 这是一件买给你的衣服。（作主语）This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略)He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。三、关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。如：There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父亲曾工作的那家工厂关闭了。(作状语)比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工厂关闭了。(作主语)(2) Ill never forget the days when we lived together. 我永远也忘不了我们一起生活的那些日子。(作状语)比较：Ill never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. 我永远也忘不了我们在澳大利亚度过的那些日子。(作及物动词spent的宾语)(3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。(作状语，用关系副词)比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated.他所说的缺席理由显然是编造的。(作gave的宾语，用关系代词)四、习惯上要用that引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。There is little work that is fit for you. 没什么工作适合你做。I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very 等修饰时。This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。(3)先行词包括人和物时。They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。(4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如：Which is the house that caught fire last night? 昨晚失火的是那座房子？Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁？五、习惯上不用that引导的定语从句(1)在非限制性定语从句中，不可以用that引导。Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited. 昨天我碰到了玛丽，她显得非常兴奋。(2)直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。The house in which we live is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。I know the young man with whom you live. 我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which, who替代whom，也可以省略关系代词。如：The house (which/that) we live in is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。I know the man (whom/who/that) you live with. 我认识和你住在一起的那个人。(3)当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用 who。如：None so blind as those who wont see. 睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎。Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. (谚)欲加之罪,何患无辞。(4)当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 有位新校长明天来，他将教你们德语。一、定语从句练习题A.I单项填空1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which D.who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B whose C. that D.of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？B. I单项填空1.Im looking at the photograph _ you sent me with a letter. A. who B. whom C. that D. it 2. This is the best film has been shown this year. A. that B. which C. who D. when3. This is the cage _. A. Polly lives B. that Polly lives in it C. where Polly lives in D. that Polly live in4. Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday? A. that B. who C. what D. it5. Is _ you borrowed from the library? A. this book B. this the book C. this book which D. this book that6. He received the letter _ yesterday. A. that Lucy wrote B. from Lucy wrote C. that wrote Lucy to D. to LucyII. 把下列句子合并为含有that引导的定语从句的复合句。1. Do you like the clothes? They look unusual. _ 2. Those are the shoes. My father bought them for me last week. _3. The letter was from my uncle. I received it yesterday. _4. The man answered the phone. He told me you were away. _5. The girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital. _C. I. 选用适当的关系代词填空(who, which, that)。1.He is the only person _ knows the secret.2. We went to the farm _ was not far away from our school last month.3. The person _ is talking to Mr. Li is Jims father.4. Do you know anyone _ knows about the history of the Ming Tombs.5. It is the important thing _ should be finished soon.II. 将下列句子合并为含有which或who引导的定语从句的复合句。1. Here is the pen. I bought the pen yesterday. _2. The girl is my best friend Jane. The girl is in a red skirt._3. The book is about a girl called Alice. I read the book yesterday evening._4. Is that the boy? You talked about the boy yesterday._5. I dislike people. People talk much but do little._III.根据汉语提示,用定语从句完成下列句子。1. I respect people _(诚实的).2. There are a few guests _ (我想向你介绍的).3. Ted likes the bike _ (他妈妈送他作生日礼物的) very much.4. Do you know the boy _ (在池中游泳的)?5. Hangzhou is a city _ (以西湖而闻名的).D. 1. Do you know the man _ is talking with Mr Wang? Yes, hes our new head teacher.A. / B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _ we can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know.A. where B. since C. that D. it4. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister.A. that; is B. that; was C. which; is D. whom; was5. Have you found the notebook _ Jim gave to me for my birthday?A. who B. whom C. where D. /II. 填空。1. This is the film _ I saw last night.2. Here are two pictures _ are taken from the film.3. The man and the woman _ you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy. 4. Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine _ loved each other very much in the film.E. 1. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 3. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 4. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who . 用适当的关系词完成下面的句子。1. The house _ windows are broken is empty.2. The man_ Mr Wang shook hands with just now is one of his old friends.3. The plane _ goes for Beijing will leave in ten minutes.4. This is the dictionary on _ I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words.5. Li Hong is the student _ pronunciation is the best in our class.6. Mr Liu will talk to the students _ homework hasnt been finished.7. Mary and Luke are talking about a hero of _ I have heard before.8. Do you know the young man _ saved little Peter from the fire?中考链接题：A.1. Its bad for health to hurry to move into a house _ has new furniture in it. (2013山西) A. what B.where C. that 2.Most of my classmates prefer loud music _ they can dance to. (2013枣庄) A. that B. who C. whose D. where 3.The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic. (2013天津) A. that B. what C. whose D. who 4.-What kind of music do you like? - I like music _ I can dance to. (2013宜宾)A, because B. when C. who D. that 5. What do you think of the school uniforms? Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable. （2012贵州贵阳） A. that B. what C. who6. One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice. （2012湖北十堰） A.which B. that C. whose D. whom 7. Now many people smoke and get ill. So we should do something _ can help stop smoking.（2012广西玉林） A.what B. who C. / D. that 8. The English-Chinese dictionary _ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. （2012江苏南京） A.whose B. when C. who D. that9. What are you looking for? Im looking for the ring _my husband bought me last year.（2012山东滨州） A.that B. who C. whom D. it10. I can never forget the stories _ my grandma told me. （2012四川绵阳） A. what B. who C. them D. that11. There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. (2011河北省卷) A. who B. that C. whom D. whose12. Have you found the answer to the question _ I asked you this morning? (2011四川省成都市)A. when B. what C. that13. The village _ I visited last year has changed a lot. Really? I hope to go there on day. (2011福建福州) A. that B. who C. when 14. The TV play is about a true story _ happened in Mianyang in 1998. (2011四川省卷) A. it B. what C. that D. when15. Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? (2011广西定西市) A. it B. what C. who D. that16. Lucy likes music_ is quiet and gentle. (2011北京市) A. why B. that C. what D. who 17. He like music_ he could dance to. (2011福建) A. who B. that C. whom D. what18. There are lots of things_ I need to do before I leave tonight. (2011福建) A. that B. who C. why D. whatB. 1. I still remember the college and the teachers _ I visited in London years ago. (2013安徽) A. what B. who C.that D. which2. -Look! That is the woman _ I met yesterday. -Oh? Shes my aunt. (2013湛江) A.what B. who C. where D. when 3. Most students like the teachers _ understand them well. (2013滨州)A.which B. who C. where D. when4. Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronant _ has ever traveled in space. (2013泰安)A.whom B. which C. who D. whose 5. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. (2012广东) A. whoB. whenC. whatD. which6. We all like the story about the teacher _ happened in our school last week. （2012湖北咸宁） A. which B. who C. whom D. what7. Success will belong to those _never say impossible. （2011河南） A. whom B. what C. who D. which8. I hate people _ talk much but do little. （2012山东泰安）A. who B. which C. whose D. whom9. Its interesting that there are many people speak French in Canada.（2012四川成都）A.which B. where C. who 10. Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. （2012天津） A. whom B. whose C. who D. which11. Mr. Green, there is someone at the front desk_ would like to speak with you. (2011广州) A. he B. who C. which D. whom12. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star_ is playing in the NBA. (2011吉林) A. whose B. who C. what D. which13. Lian Zhan with his visitors_ from Taiwan _ paying his first visit to the mainland of China. (2011兰州) A. who come; is B. who is; is C. which come; is D. that are; are14. He likes music_ he could dance to. (2011福建) A. who B. that C. whom D. whatC. 1. People are talking about the old houses _ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago. (2013内江)A. which B. where C. who D. when2.- Do you know Mo Yan? - Of course. He is the famous writer _ won the Nobel Prize in 2012. (2013福州) A. who B. whom C. which 3. I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makes me _. (2013/广东梅州)A.which, to laugh B. that, to laugh C. whose, laughing D. which, laugh 4. The house _ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. (2013 呼和浩特)A. which B. that C. in which D. there 5. People often like clothes _ can make them look young.(2012湖南株洲) A. when B. who C. that 6. I still remember the time _ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year. (2012湖北黄石) A. when B. what C. who D. which7. The little oy was wrapping the present _ would be sent to his teacher. (2012呼和浩特) A. who B. C. what D. that 8. Mr Smith _ is smoking is looking for _ she lost yesterday. (2012广东梅州) A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where9. Piano is a word _ was originally borrowed from Italian.(