高考英语过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法精练.doc

过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过分(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语 1.定语: 过分做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句 The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错 【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种动宾关系，即被动态。过去分词作定语，主要说明业已完成的动作或是一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作 。单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词之后 (1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语：-She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼 -His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情 -He had a pleased look on his face.他脸上现出高兴的神情 -We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音 -The inspired soldier soon calmed down. 那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了 -The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。-Tom gave a satisfied smile.汤姆满意地笑了笑 -There is a worried boy in the corner of the street.在街道拐角有一个焦急的男孩 【举一反三】amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight,frighten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰人 （2）其它常见的过去分词作定语：guided missle导弹 armed forces武装力量cooked food熟食 boiled water开水frozen food冷冻食品 canned food罐头食品fried eggs煎鸡蛋 smoked fish 熏鱼finished products成品 dried fruit果干required courses必修课 printed matter印刷品written English书面英语 mixed feelings混杂情绪（3）表示完成的过去分词作定语：faded flowers萎谢的花 fallen leaves落叶escaped prisoners逃犯 deceased wife亡妻departed friends离去的朋友a retired professor退休的教授new arrived visitors新到的客人a dated map过时的地图（4）过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句：-They reduced the number of animals used in experiments. 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量 -Whats the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？-Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？-They are problems left over by history?他们是历史遗留下来的问题 -Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子 2.表语: 过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态且该状语通常是由外界因素引起的,这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词 Im interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸的小说很感兴趣. 常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed 3.宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动此,和宾语有逻辑主谓关系,可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: a. see, hear, watch, feel, find, observe, notice, look at, listen to 表示感觉和心理状态的动词 b. make, get, have, leave 表示致使意义的动词 c. like, want, wish, order表示希望,要求等意义的动词 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论 【拓展延伸】 现在分词与过去分词的区别: 1.定语: 现在分词作定语常表示动作正在进行, 此时或当时的状态等; 过去分词则常表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作前等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语 如: I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? 2.表语: 现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着起这种作用; 而过去分词作表语,具有主动的含义，意味着“起这种作用”；而过去分词作表语具有被动含义，意味着“受这种影响”。如： The work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的 The workers were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了 注意：作表语的过去分词表示状态，构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作： The book is well written.（表语） The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态）【典型例题】1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out【答案】C 考查宾语补足语的用法 【点拨】此考题的主句是：The managers discussed the plan检测点在其后的定语从句中，在这个定语从句里，they是其主语，would like to see 是其复合谓语，that修饰的是先行词the plan，同时that也是see的宾语，the plan是被执行的，被实施的，只有过去分词可以表示被动，所以C项的carried out 是正确答案 2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students. A. open B.opening C.having opened D. opened【答案】 D该题的考察目标为过去分词作定语的用法。【点拨】句子中computer center与open之间为被动关系。此外open作及物动词时意思为“打开，开张，开办，开设”，强调动作，不侧重状态，鼓不用形容词性的open。B、C为现在分词，不符合题意。据此判定正确答案应为D 【实战演练】1. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting3. The visit _ to Guilin is worth remembering for ever. A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. being paid4. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that _. A. adding; turns on B. to have added; turn up C. to add; turns down D. added; turns out 5. When I entered his office, I saw a gun _ on the wall. A. fasten B. fastened C. fastening D. to fasten6. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 7. When I got there, I found the farm tools _. A. having repaired B. repaired C. repairing D. be repairing8-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve ,made9.You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 10.-There is a hole in your bag? -I know. Im going to have it _. A. mend B. mending C.mended D. to be mended参考答案 1-10 CDADB CBDDC一、过去分词作表语 1。 及物动词的过去分词作主语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。例如： The cup is broken。 茶杯破了。 2。 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。例如： The stick is burnt。 木棒燃烧过了。 3。 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。例如： The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains。 这座城市三面环山。 4。 注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。例如： The cup was broken by my little sister yeterday。 茶杯是昨天我小妹妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作） The library is now closed。 图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语） 5。 过去分词作表语与 -ing 形式作表语的区别：过去分词表示被动或完成， -ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest， bore， worry， surprise， frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用 -ing 形式来修饰物。例如： The book is interesting and Im interested in it。 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 二、过去分词作定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 1。 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。例如： We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions。 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2。 单个的过去分词用作定语，也可放在其所修饰的名词之后。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。例如： He wants his eggs fried。 他要吃煎鸡蛋。（尚未煎好， fried eggs 则意为“煎好的鸡蛋”） 3。 用作定语的过去分词多表示已完成的动作，但有时其所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成。例如： The workers demand increase