专四阅读详解来而不往非礼也.doc

快乐周末 阅读点津 5大常考题目类型 阅读理解部分在考查内容上大致可分为五种类型事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题、语义理解题。 一、事实细节题 事实细节题是针对文章事实和有关细节提问的题型在阅读理解题中占很大比重而且也较简单是容易拿分的部分。该类题型有一个特点所提问题一般可以在文中直接找到答案但正确选项大都不会照搬原文而是用不同的词语或句型对原文信息进行同义转述。 具体而言该类题型主要包括 1直接细节题指利用词性变换同义、近义词替换等手段考查对原文细节信息的正确理解的试题如原文肯定的表达换成否定的正面与反面表达的转换原因与结果的转换条件与目的的转换等。 2间接细节题指隐含的事实细节题考查对文章展示的细节的综合概括能力要求考生不仅读懂关键词的意思还能体味言外之意。 3例证题是考查对列举与举例关系的理解的试题。 4排除题即所给4个选项中有三个符合文章内容剩下一个不符合。题干中常有Not或Except等词。这种题型多考查并列、列举处细节但有时也需要整合文章多处细节才能得出答案。 事实细节题通常用whatwhichwhywhowhenhowhow manybecausecausereasonresulttruenot truecorrectincorrectexceptnot等词语表达。 【例1】 2007年Text B 87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPT_. A promoting mutual respect between strangers B increasing ones confidence in strangers C protecting environment D enriching ones knowledge Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down barriers between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography, history, politics and sociology. 【解析】选B。排除题。根据题干中allEXCEPT可知原文中没有提到或与原文相矛盾的为答案即为排除题。由第该段Hitchhikingincrease respectfight global warmingimprove educational standard可排除A、C、DB文中没有涉及故为答案。 二、推理判断题 推理判断题具有较大的难度要求考生在理解原文的基础上根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析然后做出推断、引申或得出合情合理的结论。因此考生须细读原文尤其是涉及题干内容的地方。不仅要掌握文章的表层意义还要理解其深层内涵不仅要掌握言明的观点和倾向还要获取字里行间的信息。切忌无根无据地随意猜想。 在专四的阅读理解中推理判断题常以局部推断的形式出现即要求根据原文具体某一句或几句、某一段或几段话来推断相关的隐含信息。这种题型常用的关键提问词有inferimplysuggestshowassumeknowlearnconcludedraw conclusion from等。 【例2】 2008年 Text B 86. We learn from the passage, all English dictionaries include _. A legends. B mythology. C word origins. D word definitions. Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a words origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. 【解析】选D。本题考查根据具体句子推断引申含义的能力。文章只在首段第四句提到English dictionaries。该处说很多英语字典但不是全部在解释完(一个单词的)意思之前或之后都会在括号内给出这个词来源的简单提示。由此推断所有的字典都给出词的解释或定义故D为答案。 三、主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查考生对一篇阅读文章中心思想的理解难度不算高但其解答的正确与否相当关键直接决定考生对本篇文章其他试题的解答。 主旨题从考查的内容上可分为主题类考查文章或段落的主旨大意、目的类考查文章或段落的写作目的和标题类要求考生选出文章的最佳标题等三种。 关键词有main ideamain pointkey pointmain topicmainly discussmainly explain, mainly aboutpurposebest title等。 【例3】 2008年Text B 89. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A Greek and Roman Mythology in Language. B Mythological Origins of English Words. C Historical Changes in Word Meanings. D Mythology and Common Words. In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being “tantalized by.” Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past Another example is the word siren This word also has its origins in Greek mythology When someone speaks of a “jovial mood” or a “herculean effort,” he or she is using words with origins in mythology. 【解析】选B。篇章主旨题。文章每段的开头都提到了word(s)originsmyths(mythology)等关键词由此可见B是此文章中心思想的恰当概括。 四、观点态度题 观点态度题主要考查考生能否正确理解作者写作时所持的观点、写作意图作者在阐述文章主题时的语气或对他所论述的对象的态度。 观点态度题题干关键词为attitude而选项中出现的关键词又可以分为以下三组 褒义词 positive赞成的supporting支持的praising赞扬的optimistic乐观的 admiring羡慕的interesting有趣的humorous幽默的serious严肃的 enthusiastic热情的pleasant愉快的polite礼貌的concerned关切的 sober冷静的等 贬义词 disgusted感到恶心的厌恶的critical批评的negative否定的反对的bitter痛苦的cynical玩世不恭的sentimental感伤的emotional激动的angry气愤的suspicious怀疑的tolerant容忍的忍让的impatient不耐烦的worried担忧的pessimistic悲观的depressed沮丧的disappointed失望的ironic讽刺的sarcastic挖苦的等 中性词 indifferent冷淡的不关心的impassive冷淡的不动感情的uninterested 无兴趣的不感兴趣的ambivalent情绪矛盾的neutral中立的impersonal 不带个人感情的subjective主观的objective客观的informative提 供信息的impartial不偏袒的apathetic漠不关心的 【例4】 2008年Text B 94. The author sounds in the last paragraph . A impatient B bitter C worried D ironic Like my father, Ill keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. I had no idea that being an American would ever be this hard. 【解析】选D。本题考查作者对论述对象的态度。上文中提到作者因名字而被移民局滞留了两次而末段中她又提到她从不知道要做一个美国人竟是如此艰难由此可推测她的话中含有讽刺意味。故D正确。 五、语义理解题 语义理解题主要测试考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词、短语或句子含义的理解能力。这类问题的设计目的不是考查考生的词汇量而是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和根据上下文推测词义、句意的能力。具体而言又可以分为以下三种 1文章中替代词所指代的内容。 2句子在上下文中的意思。 3超纲生词或词组在文中的意义。 提问时一般问在第几段某词某句意思是什么或者在原文中将考查的词、句用斜体或下划线标出。这类题型的提示词或词组一般用ismeanrefer totell usto be closest in meaning tocan be replaced byby sayingmeans等等。比如 “This” in Paragraph Two refers to . “Either put it to the test yourself.” in Paragraph (11) means_. “The long summers of forgetting take a toll” in the last paragraph but one means _. In “. and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, .” (the second paragraph), the word about means _. In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that _. The word “spice” in Paragraph Six is closest in meaning to _. 【例5】 2008年Text D 96. “This” in Paragraph Two refers to _. A insecurity. Public speaking fills most people with dreadWomen hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds. B sense of failure. C public speaking. D pressure. Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways. 【解析】选C。本题考查指示代词所指代的内容。第二段首句谈到大部分人都有很多不安全感“this”是将这些不安全感全都显现出来的一种情况。联系上下文极易被A干扰但仔细阅读发现该句中的them指代的才是insecuritiesthis指的是上文已出现过的public speaking故C正确。 哈哈乐园 Just Spots A man goes to the eye doctor. The receptionist asks him why he is there. The man complains, “I keep seeing spots in front of my eyes.” The receptionist asks, “Have you ever seen a doctor?” and the man replies, “No, just spots.” 只看到斑点 一位男士去看眼科医生。接待员问他有何不适。病人抱怨道“我一直看到眼前有斑点。”接待员问“你看过医生了吗?”病人答道“没看到只看到斑点。” New Discovery A hillbilly was visiting the big city for the first time. Entering an office building, he saw a pudgy older woman step into a small room. The doors closed, lights flashed, and after a while the door slid open and a beautiful young