写作专题五种基本句型.doc

高考英语写作专题 如何写好简单句英语5种基本句型及There be的用法句子成分：The students of Class 4 cleaned the classroom yesterday.主 谓 宾定语：在名词或代词前或后面加上词，短语或句子来修饰，那么这些修饰或限制名词或代词的词，词组或句子就是定语。作定语的可以是名词，代词，数词，形容词，介词短语，动名词，分词，不定式或从句。1. He is a chemisty teacher. 名词 2. He was advised to teach the lazy boy. 形容词3. The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 介词短语4. The boys playing football are in Class 2. 分词5. You should do everything that I do. 从句6. I have an idea to do it well. 不定式状语: 在句中修饰动词，形容词，副词及全句的成分叫做状语。1. The girl is improving remarkably.(副词修饰动词)2. Luckily, she wasnt injured. （副词对整句说明）3. He has been extremely busy these days.（副词修饰形容词4. She sings quite well. （副词修饰副词）5. Because he was ill, Tom lost his job.从句作状语）6. Seeing this, some of us become very worried.分词7. They did everything they could to save the workers life. (不定式作状语)句子结构是否正确要以“五种基本句型”为标准，也就是说，所写的句子必定得符合五种基本句型中的某一种：(1)S+V主谓结构；(2)S+V+主谓宾结构；(3)S+V+O+O主谓双宾结构；(4)S+V+P主系表结构；(5)S+V+O+C主谓宾补结构。因此:1. 我给学生总结和归纳了五种基本句型。2. 坚持分析句子结构，强化学生认知。加强五种基本句型的学习与训练，在单元教学、单项选择、阅读理解的讲解中，尤其是针对一些复杂的长句、主从复合句、定语从句、名词性从句等，我一直采用缩句的方法，根据语法及句子实际意义，只保留句子的主干部分，帮助学生复杂句子简单化。3. 单句翻译当然，翻译句子也是提高英语句子意识的一个极好方法。在教学中，我要求学生每天坚持翻译3-4个句子，由浅入深，由易到难。在指导学生进行翻译时，要求学生所写的句子结构必须正确，符合标准的英语句子结构。采用多样的翻译方式模仿翻译、自己造句、一句多译、句型转换等训练学生进行英语五种基本句式的单句写作。3单句改错加强学生五种简单句型的改错题的集中训练，进一步深化正确的英语句子结构意识，同时也有效地提醒学生今后自己写作时避免类似的错误。在高二教学过程中，把英语的五种基本句型训练列入日程，训练学生熟练地、正确地使用五种基本句型，就可以打下坚实的基础，不给高二留下“遗憾”，不给高三留下“债务”，确保高考时写作放出耀眼的光彩。下面是：归纳的英语5种基本句型及There be的用法1.S(主） + Vi.（不及物动词）（谓） 常见的不及物动词有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise, laugh, smile, live, study, arrive, cry, 1isten, walk.S(主语)Vi.（不及物动词）其它.5.TimeSheHeWeIflies.singswentstoppedwill gobeautifully. Adverbial(副词)on holiday. Prep Phrase介词短语to have a rest. Infinitive (不定式）swimming. Participle (分词）注: “There + be(Vi.) + S ” 也是属于第一种基本句型。2. S (主）+ V.（谓）（lv.)( 系动词）+ P（表）S (主）lv.( 系动词）P（表）123456WeThisThe flowersHeKidMy friendareissmellislooksbecomesChinese. N.(名词）mine. Pron. (代词)sweet. Adj. （形容词）over. Adv. (副词）like his father. （介词短语）excited. Participle(分词）除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go, 等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 注：下列常见“It”句式也是属于第二句型。1） It + be +adj./n. + to do(不定式) It is your duty to take care of your mother.2） It + be +adj. + for/of +sb. + to do It is easy for us to finish the project in two days.3. S (主）+ Vt.（及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）S (主）Vt.（及物动词）（谓）O（宾）123456ISheHelenThe kidThe thiefIam studyingloveswantsdoesnt knowadmittedbelieveEnglish. N.(名词)him. Pron. (代词)to go there. （不定式）where to go. Wh-Word + Infinitivestealing the money. Gerund （动名词）that there is nothing wrong. That-clause （that从句）1) S + Vt. + infinitive(不定式）You are planning to come to Poland as a tourist.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish, plan等。2) S + Vt. + Wh-Word + Infinitive I dont know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。3) S + Vt. + Gerund I enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help，look forward to, stick to等。4) S + Vt + That-clause I dont think (that) he is right.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, believe, command, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。4. S (主）+ Vt.（谓）+ I.O.（间接 宾） + D.O.（直接 宾）S (主）Vt.（谓）I.O.（间接 宾）D.O.（直接 宾）.5.IMotherMy fatherMy uncleHesentgaveboughtbroughtcan informhim (N.名词)Mary (Pron.代词)me (Pron.代词)my brother (N.名词)you (Pron.代词)a book.a nice gift yesterday.a story book.a new watch.where the teacher lives. (从句)本句型的谓语动词所发出的动作有两个对象，一为间接宾语；另一为直接宾语。本句型也可以把直接宾语放于间接宾语之前，应注意用介词to或for，句型为： S + Vt. + N./Pron. + To/for-phrase. 如：1）He sent me a book.He sent a book to me.3） He bought me a coat.He bought a coat for me. 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：buy, choose, fetch, get, cash, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。5. S (主）+ Vt.（谓）+ O.（宾）+ O.C.（宾补）主Vt.（谓O.（宾）O.C.（宾补）..WeHeSheIIHeHeHe namedmadekeepsaskcaughttaughttoldadvisedour daughter (N./Pron).our garden (N./Pron.)everything (N./Pron.)him (N./Pron).him (N./Pron.)me (N./Pron.)me (N./Pron.)me Mary. (N.)very beautiful. (Adj.)in good order. (Pren. Phrase)to help me. (Infinitive)cheating in exam. (Participle)how to learn English. (Wh-word + Infinitive)that he passed the exam. (That clause)when we should start. (Wh-clause)此句型中的动词叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。注：1) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + N 常用于这句型的动词有： call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name。appoint,例：We named our daughter Alice. 2) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Adj 常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。例：He made the room very beautiful. 3) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.4) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Infinitive 常用于这句型的动词有：a) 不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg,cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。 例：He asked him to come early next time.b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。 5) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Participle (分词）常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 例：The teacher caught him cheating in the exem. 6) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-word + Infinitive 常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。例：My mother advised me how to do the exercises. 7) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + That-clause 常用于这句型的动词有：tell, inform, promise, remind, teach, assure,warm等。 例：I told him that he is a good boy. 8) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-Clause 常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell. 例：They asked him when we should start.6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，京翰教育中心 /现在有 there is / are 过去有 there was / were将来有 there will be/ there is / are going to be.现在已经有 there has / have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be / there must have 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be. been.注：我们受汉语的干扰，会运用一些汉式表达。 请观察下列句子：1） There are two boys are waiting for you. (去掉第二个are或boys后加who)2）There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.(去掉There are)此句型有时可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。Eg: There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There lies a book on the desk. 注：在书面表达中。“有”这个含义，我们会情不自禁地使用There are和have结构来表达。虽然能表达出原意，可千篇一律，总会显得俗气呆板。试比较以下句子，便可见分晓。学校的体育中心有三个运动区域。1) There are three athletic areas in the school sports centre.2) The school sports centre contains three athletic areas. (Better)with结构也有“有”的含义。1） with +名词Its a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen.2） with + 宾语 + 介词短语 He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands.3） with + 宾语 + 现在分词 He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing at the top.With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.练习：（一）主谓结构（主语不及物动词）1. 你应当努力学习。2. 她昨天回家很晚。_3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。4. 会议将持续两个小时。 _5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 _6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7. 每天八时开始上课。_8. 这个盒子重五公斤。9. 五年前我住在北京。_10. 让我们立即行动起来。11恰好他身边有钱。_12. 慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容。_（二）主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）1. 昨晚我写了一封信。2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。_3. 这本书他读过多次了。4. 他们成功地完成了计划。_5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。_7. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。8. 他不知道说什麽好。_（三）主系表结构（主语系动词表语 ）1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。_3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。_healthy_5. 孩子们，请保持安静。6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。_7. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。8. 他失业了。_9. 树叶已经变黄了。10. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_11. 商店开到八点。12机器出了毛病。_13这些努力似乎全都白费了。14这话听起来有道理。_15房里一会儿就挤满了人。_（四）双宾语结构（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ）1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？_5. 他把车票给列车员看。6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。_7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。_9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？_（五）复合宾语结构（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）1. 他的父母给他取名为John. 2. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。_3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4. 他们把门推开了。_5. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。 6. 我要你把真相告诉我。_7. 给我几分钟考虑一下。8. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。_9. 他每个月理一次发。10. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。_11. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。12. 她正在听人家讲故事。_13. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。14. 他感到很难跟你交谈。_15. 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 16. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。_17. 祝一路平安。 18 你让我等了三个钟头。_（六）There be 句型1. 今晚没有会。2. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。_3. 天气预报说下午有大风。4. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。_5. 恰好那时房里没人。6. 公共汽车来了。_7. 就只剩下二十八美元了。8. 在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。_9. 铃响了。10. 最近几年,这个村庄发生了巨大的变化。_11. 过去这条河上有座桥。12. 他的回答应该没有什么可怀疑的。_13. 十字路口处站着一个警察。_英语5种基本句型答案：（一）1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7. Classes begin at eight every day. 8. This box weighs five kilos. 9. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 10. Lets act at once/ immediately11. He happened to have some money with him. 12. Gradually a smile appeared on her face.（二）1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.6. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.7. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 8. He did not know what to say.（三）1. My brothers are all college students. 2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy. 4. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5. Children, keep quiet please. 6. This book is about the history of the United States.7. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8. He is out of work.9. The leaves have turned yellow. 10. The report sounds interesting. 11. The shop stays open till 8 oclock. 12. The machine went wrong.13. All these efforts seem in vain 14. These words sound reasonable.15. The room soon became crowded.（四）1. Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7. My father has bought me a new bike. 8. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9. Will you please get me a new copy? 10. Shall I call you a taxi?（五）1.His parents named him John. 2. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.3. All of us considered him honest. 4. They pushed the door open.5. We will make our school more beautiful. 6. I want you to tell me the truth7. Give me a few minutes to think. 8. We wont let her go out at night.9. He has his hair cut once a month. 10. Ill get my recorder mended. 11. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 12. She is listening to someone telling stories.13. I have never seen the word used that way before. 14. He felt it very difficult to talk with you.15. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 16. I thought it no use talking with that man 17. Wish you a pleasant journey.18. You keep me waiting for three hours.（六）1. There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.2. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 3. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4. The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5. There happened to be nobody in the room.6. There comes the bus. 7. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 8. In front of the cave, there stands (grows) a tall pine tree. 9. There goes the bell.10. Recently there have been great changes in this village. 11. There used to be a bridge over the river.12. There should be nothing doubtful. 13. There stands a policeman at the crossing高考英语写作专题 如何写好简单句英语5种基本句型及There be的用法句子成分：The students of Class 4 cleaned the cla