初中英语语法形容词副词一教案.doc

第5单元形容词和副词(一)（一）形容词和副词的用法1形容词的用法： 形容词是指用来修饰名词，表示名词的属性的词。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。(1)作定语：This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat. (2)作表语：Yao Ming is very _tall_.Our classroom is _big_ and bright. (3)作宾语补足语：Dont make your hands dirty.Were trying to make our school beautiful. (4)注意：a. 有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone, afraid, asleep等。例That old man feels alone because his children are out, Im afraid he cant come. b. 形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。例There is something wrongwith my DVD machine.Its nothing serious.c. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，其作用相当于一个名词。如：the young(年轻人)，the poor(穷人)d. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下：限定词(a/the, this/some/her)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如：a big old German computer 2副词的用法：副词是修饰动词、形容词或其他副词或全句的词。用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等，在句中主要用作状语。 (1) 副词修饰动词，告诉我们动作是怎样进行的，什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的，一般位于动词之后。 例 They went to the park early yesterday. We must study hard. (2) 副词修饰形容词或副词，则告诉我们这些形容词或副词的程度如何，一般位于这些词前。 例 Michael Jordan jumps very high.Dai Yuqiang sings quite well. (3) 注意： a副词表示频度修饰动词时，位于连系动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前。 例Mr. Wang usually comes to school on foot. The boy is often ill. b. already和yet都表示“已经”，但是，already用于陈述句，而且事情早些已经发生，或比期望发生的要早。它一般用于句子中间，但不能和时间状语放在一起。 例1) The train has already gone. 2) The train has already arrived. 3) I have already read the book. yet用来谈某事在预料之中，用于疑问句和否定句，一般放在句末。 例1) Have you found your book yet? 2) They havent come back yet. c. ever用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中，表示“曾经”一般要放在动词前边；它不用于现在完成时的简略回答，而要用Yes,I have或No, never表示。 例 The old man hardly ever goes out. “Have you ever been to the new library?” “No, never”. 3. 区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词(1) too 用于肯定、疑问句常用于句尾also 较为正式书面语，紧跟动词either 用于否定句，用于句尾例1) He likes music, I like it, too.2) They also agree with me.3) She cant swim either.(2) such 修饰名词 so 修饰形容词、副词 例1) I have never seen such an interesting film.2) This box is so heavy that I cant carry it. (3) alone(单独、独自)作表语=by oneself lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语 例1) He lived alone, but he didnt feel lonely.2) Its a lonely village.(4) hard(努力地)hardly(几乎不)否定副词例She works very hard, and he hardly has a rest on Sundays. 4形容词与副词的相互转变： 形容词是用来修饰名词，副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，它们在具体应用中可以互相转化，规律如下： a. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly，构成副词， 如：usual-usually, bad-badly b. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-ly 如：heavy-heavily, happy-happily 注意这些单词的变化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-