语法专项资料复习二主语表语宾语及名词性从句16开.doc

语法专项复习资料二主语，表语，宾语及名词性从句（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（二）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（四）名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。1引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。2主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.3）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.4）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work.Im interested in what youve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。注意：whether与if在下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.5）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.he fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.主语1We wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped us. AwhoBthoseCwhomDwhoever 2Toms mother kept telling him that he mustnt smoke，but _ didnt help. Ahe BwhichCitDthey3_ you dont like him is none of my business. AWhat BIfCThat DWhether4Just after finishing writing the composition, _. Athe doorbell rang loudBNancy heard the doorbell rang Csomeone knocked at the doorDthe doorbell was rung5-The exam was easy, wasnt it? -Yes, but I dont think _ could pass it. AsomebodyBanybodyCnobodyDeverybody 表语1Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomake CnotmakingDdonotmake2Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.ApayBpaying CpaidDtopay3Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink_?AtastesbestBsmellsmost CdrinksmostlyDsoundsbest4-Hello,Tom,wherewereyoulastnight?-_.AToBrowns BTotheBrowns CInBrowns DIntheBrowns5ThankyouverymuchindeedThats_ofyou.AkindestBmostkind CthekinderDthemostkind宾语1Fewpleasurescanequal_ofacooldrinkonahotday.AsomeBany CthatDthose2Ihate_whenpeopletalkwithmouthsfull.AitBthat CtheseDthem3DrBlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Icantremember_.AwhereBthere CwhichDthat4Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.AhoweverBwhatever Cwhichever Dwhenever5Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.AtogoBtohavegone Cgoing Dhavinggone练习：名词性从句主语、表语、宾语及同位语从句练习卷6They live on a busy main road. _ must be very noisy. AThereBItCThat DThey 7Im sure the Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in China, _? Awont it Bwont theyCshall we Darent I 8While watching TV, _. Athe boy came inBmy mother was cookingCI heard a terrible noiseDthe doorbell rang9Hes late,_ is often the case. Aas BwhatCit Dthis10It was the training that he has as a young man _ led to his success. AthatBit CwhichDwho11_ about the history of that part because there is not enough written information. APeople know nothingBMuch is knownCPeople know a lotDLittle is known6Themeetingwasputoff,_wasexactly_wewanted.Ait；thatBas；that Cwhich；whatDthis；what7HissuithasbecomelooseHeseems_weight.AtoloseBbeinglost ClosingDtohavelost8-Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty？-SorrytosayIdidntItwasameetingthanaparty.AmoreofBratherlike ClessofDmoreorless9-WhereisGeorge？Hesaidhewouldmeetmehereat3Oclock.-Heseems_withMrBrownintheoffice.Atotalk Btobetalking Ctohavetalked Dtalking10Theyfoundtherewas_toweighsuchanelephant.Abigenoughnothing Bnothingenoughbig Cenoughnothingbig Dnothingbigenough6Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdontagreewith_.AeverythingBanything Csomething Dnothing7-WhichnewspapershallIbuy?-_,whatevertheyhaveintheshop.AAnythingBSomething CAnyoneDSomeone8Imverysorry_that,Ididntdoitonpurpose.AdoingBtodo ChavingdonDtohavedone9-Doesshestudythesubjectswell?-No,shestudies_.AallBneither CnoneDthen10-Whichshareismeantforme?-Youcantake_half.Theyreexactlythesame.AthisBany CeachDeither11-Whydidntyougivemearing?-Well,Imeant_,butlaterIforgot.Atelephoning Btotelephone Chavingtelephoned Dtohavetelephoned12Heiseitherswimmingorboating,Idontknow_.AwhatBwhen Cwhich Dwhere13-MayIhelp