2011年中考时态及阅读理解讲解与真题演练详细.doc

中考英语 八种时态讲解一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词含be动词的一般现在时结构： 肯定句： 主语+ be+ 其它。 否定句： 主语+ be+not + 其它。 一般问句： Be+主语+ 其它？ 特殊疑问句：（特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+be+主语+其它？含实义动词的一般现在时结构： 肯定句：主语+动词原形/动词三单形式+其它。 否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其它。 一般问句： Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句：（特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其它？动词三单形式的变化规则：1. 大多数动词直接+s2. 以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es二、一般过去时 概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等； 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。II. 一般过去时的构成谓语动词为be动词的一般过去时的构成同谓语动词为be动词的一般现在时构成一样，只需把am,is,are变为was,were我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。III. 一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：否定句结构为：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其它。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语动词原形其它？如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它？如：1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework.现在进行时( 定义：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。) 构成：现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式 肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? 变化规则1. 直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2. 去掉不发音的e+ing(例：biting，leaving,making,coming,writing. ） 注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 3.以ie结尾变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying） 另外，有少数动词比较特殊，请用心记住：例如：/picnic - picnicking. 4. 对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning,getting,putting， run - running，stop - stopping ，cut - cutting ，control - controlling 基本用法：A.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） 时间状语,常用的有：now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如：Its 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是6：30.我正在起床。 They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 Listen! She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。过去进行时(定义:表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成）。结构1.肯定句=主语(I/you/he/she/It/they/we)+was/were+doing+其它 例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 2.否定句=主语(I/you/he/she/It/they/we)+was/were+not+doing+其它 例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车? 3. 一般疑问句及答语=Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗? 4.特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 一般将来时 句型1.肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份The workers will build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。We shall be there before dark. 我们天黑前会到达那里。2.否定句：主语+shall /will+not+动词+其他成份She wont come back this week.这一周她不回来了。3.疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分钟后你会回来吗？Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？Shall we get something hot to drink? 我们喝一些热饮怎么样？4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪?What sall I do?我怎么办呢?l will, be going to , be to, be about to的区别1.be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will通常表示客观。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。Dont go out. Were about to have a meeting. 别出去了,我们很快就开会了。I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。l 注意事项1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2. Lets 的附加疑问通常使用“, shall we ?”。Eg:Lets have a rest, shall we?3. 问句是“Shall?”，答句就用“shall ”；问句用“Will ？”，答句就用“will ”。要前后保持一致。 Shall you go to school next week ? Yes, I shall . Well have an exam .Will you have an exam tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I wont.过去将来时v 过去将来时的构成（句型如下：） 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形+其它 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形+其它 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形+其它 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形+其它 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形 +其它 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形+其它 过去将来时的构成1. 同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。 例句： I didnt know if he would come. =I didnt know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。 2. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。 This door wouldnt open. . 这扇门老是打不开。 过去将来时有时可带时间状语。如: He said he would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。 注意1.was/were going to + 动词原形或was/were +动词不定式完成式可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。 Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成） I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before. 我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙） 2.was/were about to do was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。 I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 现在完成时：基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed） e.g done 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答：No,主语+havent/hasnt . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 用法：1.常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 为时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 2. 标志词：already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,ever,never,.times(次数).u 短暂性动词改为延续性动词： buy-have(has) had, borrow-have(has) kept, arrive-have(has) been in/at, leave-have(has) been away, join-have(has) been in/a member of, die-have(has)been dead, get married-have(has) been married, come/go-have(has) been in/at, begin/start-have(has) been on, stop-have(has)been over过去完成时：基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+been+过去分词 用法：1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 动词的时态真题详解【2011北京】28. Paul ant I _ tennis yesterday. He did much better than 1.A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing答案：C【解析】考查点：本题考查动词时态的用法。由句中的yesterday可知，要用过去式，所以选择答案C。【2011北京】29. Wheres Tom? His mother _ him now.A. is looking for B. will look forC. has looked for D. Looks for答案：A【解析】考查点：本题考查时态的用法。由语境知汤姆不在这，他妈妈“正在”寻找他，所以用现在进行时，所以选择答案A。【2011北京】31. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write答案：C【解析】考查点：本题考查时态的用法。由since 1980“自从1980年到现在”，用现在完成时，所以选择答案C。【2011北京】32. What were you doing this time yesterday?I _ on the grass and drawing a picture.A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting答案：D【解析】考查点：本题考查时态的用法。上下句保持一致，上句用过去进行时问，下句也用这一时态开回答，所以选择答案D.【2011陕西】22. Some students in Shanghai e-bags for several months. A. have B. have had C. had D. will haveB【解析】考查点：本题考查时态的使用。for+一段时间，用现在完成时态。故选B。【2011清远】29. Echo _ for half a month. Shell come hack in two months.A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away答案：D【解析】考查动词时态。根据for half a month为一段时间，动词得用延续性动词，应用现在完成时态。同时句意：她将两个月后回来。说明已经离开。A和B排除，C不能与时间段连用。【2011广西百色】 25.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008,they _ there for three years since then. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live答案：C【解析】本题考查现在完成时的用法，根据句子的意思“从那时起他们住在那儿已经三年了。”，应用现在完成时。【2011广西百色】30.A big party was held in NO.18 Middle School last night, the teacher with students _ singing and dancing happily at the party. A. is B. was C. are D. were答案： B【解析】本句的主语是the teacher，系动词要用单数形式，根据句子的意思，应用过去时。【2011广西百色】28.Since nuclear(核) pollution broke out in Japan, in March,2011,we are all _ of it very much. A. frightened B. be frightened C. frightening D. be frightening答案：A 【解析】考查固定短语，be frightened“对感到害怕”。（2011桂林）32. Look! The boys _ football on the playground. A. plays B. playC. are playing D. played32. 答案：C 【解析】动词的时态的用法。在句首出现look，listen等表示引起注意的词，动词用现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作。因此选C。（2011桂林）33. Have you ever been to Nanning? Yes, _ .A. I wasB. I doC. I amD. I have33. 答案：D 【解析】助动词的用法。根据上句用现在完成时，因此下文回答时用Yes, I have。因此选D。【河北省2011】38. My sister wants a new dress. She it to the party,A. wears B. has worn C. wore D. is going to wear【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。由“My sister wants a new dress”可知：动作还未执行，故用be going to形式，表示有计划做某事。故选D。【河北省2011】40.I didnt hear you because I the news on the radio.A. listen to B. am listening to C. listened to D. was listening to【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意为“因为我当时正在听新闻，所以我没听清楚你说的话”，主句为一般过去时态，强调两个动作同时发生从句用过去进行时态，故选D。【河北省2011】42. I my homework, I guess I cant join you.A. dont finish B. didnt finish C. havent finished D. wont finish【答案】A【解析】考查现在完成时。句意为“我猜想我不能加入你们，因为到现在我还没有完成作业”，从过去时间一直持续到现在，用现在完成时态表示。故选C。【2011河南省】25. I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.Sorry, I _ with my friends at that time.A. swim B. swam C. will swim D, was swimming25.答案：D。考查动词时态。首句说：我昨天下午4点钟给你打电话，但是没人接。下句显然是要告诉对方当时正在做什么，故用过去进行。句意：，我当时和我的朋友们在一起。【2011河南省】33. Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office?Sorry, I dont know. I_ here for only a few days.A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work33.答案：C。考查动词时态及情景交际。句意：。我在这儿才几天【2011黑龙江绥化市】（）14.Where is Bob?He _to Harbin for a meeting.A. went B. has been C. has gone答案：C【解析】词义辨析。have been to 指“去过”，have gone to 指“去了”， 即不在说话者所在地。根据句义，“他去哈尔滨参加会议”，所以选C。【2011黑龙江绥化市】（）24. Dont make so much noise. The children_an English lesson.A. have B. are having C. were having答案：B【解析】时态考查。根据情境：不要闹动静，因为孩子们正在上英语课，故用现在进行时。【2011江苏徐州】8. I was very angry with Johnhe just_ when I spoke to him.A. isnt listening B. hasnt listened C. didnt listen D. wasnt listening答案：D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意“我生约翰的气，当我和你说话的时候，他就是不听。”过去进行时强调过去某时间正在做的事情。【2011江苏徐州】13. Are you going to the bank, Laura?No, I _ to the bank already.A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been答案A【解析】考查动词时态的用法。由上句句意“你打算去银行吗？不。”和“already”推测他已经去过了，用现在完成时。Have/has been+地点意为“去过某地（已回来）”；have/has gone+地点意为“到某地去了（现在不在这儿）”。故选A。【2011内蒙古包头】( ) 22. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _ in Japan last year. A. meets B. metC. has metD. would meet22. 答案：B【解析】本题考查过去分词做定语的用法。句意为“布莱克先生打算和他去年在日本结识的女孩结婚”。故选B。【2011湖南湘潭】27. Mr. Li_us a report on our environment when the earthquake happened in Japan.A. gave B.is giving C. was giving答案：C【解析】本题考查时态的用法。根据题意：当日本地震时，李先生正给我们做关于环境的报告。在有when引导的时间状语中一般用进行时态，结合句中时态则用过去进行时态。故本题选C。【2011哈尔滨】26. I called you at 6 oclock yesterday evening, but nobody answered. Im sorry. I my friend download the movie Kung Fu Panda when the telephone rang,A. would help B. helpedC. was helping答案：C【解析】考查动词时态 上下语境都是过去时，这里强调电话响时我正在帮助，所以用过去进行时。【2011呼和浩特】7. He went into his room, the light and began to work. A. has turned on B. turned off C. turned on D. has turned off【答案】C【解析】时态、动词短语的考察 进房间，开灯、开始工作一些列的顺成动作，均用一般过去时，【2011呼和浩特】8. -Oh, you are here. Im looking for you all the morning. ？ -To the library. A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go C. Where are you going D. Where have you been?【答案】D【解析】时态的考察 句意为“你在这里。我找了你一上午。”根据答语“我去了图书馆”，可知现在不在图书馆。所以应用现在完成时，have gone to “去了” have been to“去过”。【2011呼和浩特】11. The girl with two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened. A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing【答案】A【解析】时态的考察 “当地震发生的时候，小女孩正和两只猫在院子里玩”。应用过去完成时，主语the girl单数形式，所以应用was playing.【2011四川达州】27. I dont know if Aunt Li these “stay-home children” tomorrow morning. If I her, I would come earlier.A. will come to take care of; am B. come to look after; were C. will come to take care of; were D. comes to come up with; am 答案：C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法。根据题意：-我不知道李阿姨明天会不会来照顾这些留守儿童。-如果我是她，我会来早一点儿。句中第一个“if”表示是否的意思，引导宾语从句。第二个“if”用于虚拟语气中，从句使用过去式。故本题选C。【2011四川广元】13. Have you ever been to Hong Kong？Yes, I there last month.A. went to B. have been C. went答案：C 【解析】动词的时态。根据last month要用一般过去式，排除B；又因there为副词，是go的宾语，故go后面不跟介词to。【2011四川南充】27. He_ in this city since his family moved to Nanchong.A. live B. lived C. has lived答案：C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从他家搬到南充，他就住在这个城市。注意：since（意：自从）引导的时间状语从句是现在完成时一个标志。【2011四川南充】31. Today is Womens Day. My father and I_ a special gift for my mother now.A. make B. made C. are making答案：C【解析】考查动词时态。由时间状语now知，应该用现在进行时态。【2011四川宜宾】26. I _ when the UFO landed. A. am watching TV B. was watching TV C. have watched TV D. watched TV答案：B【解析】B考查时态，表示在过去某一时刻或者某一段时间正在进行的动作。句意：当不明飞行物登陆时，我正在看电视。故选B。（2011四川资阳）18.Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The neighbours _ for a party. A. prepare B. are preparing C. will prepare D. have prepared答案：B【解析】考查时态。句意为“那边是什么噪声？”“我忘记告诉你了。邻居正在准备聚会”。根据上边的问句，可知听到的声音是人们正在组织聚会，用现在进行时，故选B。（2011四川资阳）27. So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built答案：D【解析】考查动词的时态。句中有So far“到目前为止”，使用现在完成时态，故选D。【2011天津】36. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seen答案：D 【解析】 动词的时态。 “Since，自从以来”是现在完成时的标志词，因此这句话用现在完成时。【2011乌鲁木齐】34.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday.A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun【答案】C【解析】时态的考察 “我昨天到哪儿”是过去，“会议开始在我到哪儿之前”应是过去的过去。故用过去完成时。43. 【2011广西柳州】You have found your lost umbrella, havent you? Yes. I _ it behind the door this afternoon. A. have found B. will find C. found答案C【解析】考查动词的时态。根据答语的句意：今天下午找到的。可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选C。【2011沈阳】10. Listen! The phone . Please go to answer it.A. rings B. is ringing C. rang D. will ring答案：B【解析】动词时态的用法。句意：听，电话响了。请接一下。根据句意可以判断应该用现在进行时，故答案为B。(2011贵州毕节)28I many new friends since I came hereAmake Bmade Cwill make Dhave made解析：本题考查动词时态。since是现在完成时的时间状语标志，故答案选D。 (2011贵州毕节)23What did MrSmith do before he came to China?He in a car factoryAworked Bworks Cis working Dwill work解析：本题考查动词时态。由问句可知是一般过去时，故答案选A，work的过去式。【2011福建莆田】( ) 32. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2010. She _ there for four years.A. works B. worked C. has worked答案C【解析】时态考查。“工作四年”是发生在过去动作came back 之前，排除现在时态A和C。work 的一般过去时态和一段时间连用，表示过去某动作持续的时间。【2011广东深圳】11. Mr. Lee _ to a student when I entered the classroom this morning.- He is very patient _ _he is young.A. talking; but B. talks; though C. was talking, though D. talked, however答案：C 【解析】过去进行时与though的用法。由when I entered判断前半句为过去的动词（过去进行时），故A,B错，根据题意表达的是“尽管他年轻，但是很有耐心。故选择C。【2011梧州】33. Please turn off the radio, grandma _now. OK, Ill do it right now.A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps【答案】A【解析】时态的考察 由前面的“请关上收音机”及后面的时间状语now可知奶奶正在睡觉，应用现在进行时。【2011梧州】36. I met a good friend of mine while I on the street.A. walks B. walk C. was walking D. am walking【答案】C【解析】时态考察 “我在街上走的时候，突然碰到了我的一个好朋友。”遇见我的好朋友时，我正在街上走着，故应用过去进行时。【2011梧州】45. I dont know if Mr. Li _ to the party this evening.- I think he will come if he _ free.A. will come; is B. will come; will be C. comes; is D. comes; will be【答案】A【解析】从句时态的考察 本题考察if引导的从句时态的考察，第一个if引导的是宾语从句，“李老师今晚是不是将参加我们的聚会”应用一般将来时；第二个if引导的是条件状语从句应“主将从现”。【2011贵州贵阳】39. Wheres your brother, Jane? Hes not in Guiyang these days. He_ Beijing.A. has gone to