动词的时态语态.doc

英语专题复习（四）-动词时态根据初中英语教学新课标的要求，学生主要掌握五种动词基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般讲来时），理解三种时态（过去进行时、过去完成时、过去讲来时），共计八种时态：一：现在范畴的时态：1. 一般现在时：标志词语：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day/week/month/year, on Sundays，once a day/week/month year,in the morning ，how often 等考点：1）表现在、过去的经常性或习惯性动作或状态We have meals three times a day. He is always ready to help others. 2）表达永恒的真理。The teacher told us the earth _ (travel) around the sun.温馨提示：1) 在以here, there开头的句子中用一般现在时替代现在进行时Here _(come) the bus. Listen! There _(go) the bell. 2) 一定要掌握三单动词变化规律2. 现在进行时：现在进行时是由助动词be (am, is, are)+动词-ing 形式构成的，用来表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。标志词语：Look! Listen! while, now，these days, at this moment等时间状语He _ (read) a newspaper, while he _(wait) for buses.My hometown _ (become/get) richer and richer.-What are you doing these days? -I _ (write) a novel.- Wheres Tom? - He _(help) his dad wash the car over there under the tree.温馨提示1) always 用于将来时含有情感色彩。He _ always _(complain) to me. (抱怨)He _always _(think )of others first. (赞赏) 2) 表感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如：see, hear, smell, taste, notice, seem, hate, like, love, want, wish 等不用进行时I _(want) to visit the Great Wall. I _(live) in Jinan now. This kind of fruit _(smell) terrible but _( taste) sweet. He _(not, like) the teacher at all. 3）表理解、记忆、 拥有、决定的动词，如forget, remember, understand, believe, know, decide，have, has, own, belong等，不用进行时 Now I still _(remember) what he said. 3. 现在完成时：构成have/has+过去分词；其疑问句是把have/has提至句首，否定式是在have/has后面加not。标志状词语： already, yet, ever, never, before, since，in/during the past/last, so far=up to now=by now, just, recently, all ones life, ever since，since then考点：The old man _(live) in this village since he _(be) 3 years old.By now, we _(learn) thousands of words.So far, he _(visit) the island 5 times.In the last 2 years, many people _(buy) personal cars.Hes already put the rubbish into the dustbin. (一般疑问句) (否定句)_ he _ the rubbish into the dustbin_? He _ _ the rubbish into the dustbin _. The worker_ (try) her best but still cant fix it up.He left his hometown 3 years ago. He hasnt come back yet. (同义句)A）He _ _ _ from his hometown for 3 years.B）3 years _ _ _ he _ his hometown.Mr Smith died 35 years ago. (同义句)A）Mr Smith _ _ _ for 35 years.B）_ _ 35 years _ Mr Smith _.温馨提示：1) 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用延续性动词：be, have, know, live, work, study, learn, teach, speak, talk, draw，wait，wear，walk, sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Uncle Wang has worked here for 10 years.非延续性动词：come ,go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：come- be；leave-be away；come to-be in/at；go out-be out；begin/start -be on； buy-have；borrow-keep；diebe dead；join - be a member of/be amember；catch a cold-have a cold；get/fall ill/sick - be ill/sick；become a teacher-be a teacher；fall asleep-be asleep；go/get to sleep-sleep；marry - be married；end/finish-be over2) have/has been to，have/has gone to与have/has been in的区别have/has been to意思是“去过某地” eg. He has been to America many times. have/has gone to意思是“去了某地” eg. -Where is your mother? She has gone to the shop. have/has been in +地点+表示段的时间状语，意思是“在某地已经停留了（多长时间）”。eg. She went to Shanghai last week. She has been there for mort than a week. 3) 几组易混淆的词1) already与yet : already通常用于肯定句中 , yet用于疑问句, 否定句中2) ever与never: ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中多用于完成时态。- Have you ever traveled around the world? - No, not ever.never意为“从来没有，从未”，常与before连用。I have never been late for school before. 3) before与ago: before在完成时中常与ever，never连用， I have never been there before.ago常用于一般过去时，但在与since引导的词组或句子中，主句用完成时。eg. He has lived here since he was born.4) for与since：“for+一段时间”；since与表示过去的某一时间点词组或句子连用， 考点：I _(teach) here since I came to Jinan.His father _(work) in the factory for 20 years.The old man _(live) in the village all his life._ you _ (pack) your suitcase yet? Well leave in a minute.- Have the guests arrived? - Yes. They _ (arrive) half an hour ago.I _ (teach) here since I came to Jinan.His father _ (work) in the factory for 20 years.The old man _ (live) in the village all his life.二：过去范畴的时态：1. 一般过去时：标志词语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last night / week/month /year/term, two days/. ago, after=later, just now, one day, once也可和always, often, usually, sometimes, .连用，表示过去反复发生的动作。例如：He was sometimes late for school last term.考点：The old man said he _(plant) lots of trees last year.After the history class was over, we _(have) a class meeting.I didnt sleep until my mother _(reach) home.Before we left school, we _(clean) the classroom.The child began to cry as soon as he _(see) his mother.When they were talking , the teacher _(come) in.The other day, I _(leave) my bag on the bus on the way to the park.She always _(sleep) late when she was in Grade One.2. 过去进行时：标志词语：at that time=then , at this time yesterday / last night, when ,while, atoclock yesterday 结构：主语 + were / was +动词的现在分词 考点：When / While he _(walk) along the street, it began to rain.The children _(leave) school on Tuesday when they saw the accident happen.While the girls _(sweep) the floor, the boys were cleaning the desks.-Why didnt you have the meeting? - I _(talk)with a parent then.3. 过去完成时：标志词语：by+过去的时间点, before, after, when等引导的复合句中，by the time, 通常也出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中hope, plan, mean, want, think, expect等表示“希望、期望、打算”等含义的动词的过去完成时态可以用来表示一个本来打算做而没有做的动作。We had hoped to catch the 8:00 train, but found it was gone.我们本来希望赶上八点的火车，却发现车已经开了。考点：By the time the police_(break) into the room, the thief _(leave).When we _(reach) the cinema, the film _ (be)on for 20 minutes.The thief _(run) away before the policeman _(find) him.After the thief _(run) away, the policeman _(arrive).Luo Xuejuan said she _(learn) swimming since she was very young.三将来范畴的时态：1. 一般将来时: will + do 表以后要发生的动作或状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势; be going to do表计划打算做某事 Tom _(come) back next week. Fish _(die) without water. He is going _(speak) on TV this evening. Look at the clouds. It _(rain. ) 标志词语：tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/,next week/year/month, soon, in two days,how soon等考点： Jim _ (not go) to the doctor until he feels badly ill.If you dont want to go there alone, I_(go) with you.Hes not sure if his wife _ (go) abroad with him next year. Can you tell me when the Smiths _(leave) for Tokyo next year?He _ (get) the book back in a few weeks. 温馨提示：1) should, be supposed to, had better , must, have to + do 的用法-When will I get there? - You had better _(be) on time. You had better _(not, be) late for school from now on.2) 在条件/ 时间 / 让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。If he _(call) me tomorrow, I will go with him.When you _ (have) any question, you can ask me.As soon as he _ (finish) the work, he will fly to Hong Kong.You mustnt eat anything until you _ (see) the doctor.I wont go to the party unless Tom _(give) me an invitation. Although he _(come) tomorrow, I have to leave for Beijing right away. 3) 表位置移动的动词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move, sail, travel等，常用经形式表将来时。I _(come) to see you next week. He _(arrive) at 9 this morning. You had better to meet him at the station. 2. 过去将来时：would +do; was/ were going to do标志词语：通常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中; 在叙述过去将会发生的事情时。考点：The engineer told us he _ (pass) the Olympic Flame in two hours.He went to his hometown the day before yesterday. He _(visit) his old friends. She said she _(leave) for America that week. 中考真题：I.单选题1-Where did you go last night? -I _ to go to Li Leis birthday party.A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked2. He will telephone us as soon as he _.A. arrives B. reaches C. gets to D. will arrive3. No one knew what _ to China in a century.A. would be happened B. would happen C. will happen D. was happened4. -Wheres Sam? - He _ for France.A. had left B. has left C. left D. would leave5. The stone bridge _ in our hometown ten years ago.A. was build B. was built C. built D. build 6. Do you know when the computer _?A. was invited B. be invented C. was invented D. invented 7. -How long _ the film King Kong _? -For just several minutes.A. did , begin B. has, on C. has, been on D. has, begun8. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village?-A lot of new roads _,I think.A. must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built9. Usually, Betty _ in colorful T-shirts in summer.A. wears B. is dressed C. is wearing D. dresses10. This kind of food _cool, clean and dry according to the instruction.A. should be carried B. must be put C. should be placed D. must be kept11. -I called you this morning, but nobody answered.- I _ the flowers in my garden at that time.A. watered B. was watering C. water D. am watering12. -Youve left the light on. -Oh, sorry. _ and turn it off.A. Ive gone B. Ill go C. I went D. Im going13. Dont worry. I _ you as soon as I finish my work.A. help B. will help C. helped D. was helping 14. They say there _ a new bridge across the river in two years.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. will has15. These apples _ well because they _ nice.A. are sold, taste B. sell, taste C. sell, are tasted D. are sold, are tasted16. -Has the match started ? -Started? Finished! Guo Yue _.A. is winning B. wins C. will win D. has won17. -Whats wrong with your coat? -Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. is sitting B. had sat C. sits D. was sitting18. -They say theres a new restaurant nearby. - Yes, and it _ for no more than a week.A. has been open B. opens C. is opening D. is opened19. James is my friend. He _ Jim for short.A. calls B. is called C. called D. is calling20-Dont make any noise in the movie theatre. - _.A. Sorry, I cant B. Sorry, I wont C. Yes, I will D. No, I will21. -Why didnt you give the wallet to the man at once? -He _ before I realized it was his.A. had appeared B. has appeared C. had disappeared D. has been appeared22. -I wont have a trip to Mount Huang unless my best friend Amy _, too.-You mean youll go if Amy goes?A. will invite B. invites C. is invited D. will be invited23. -Must I finish the work today, Mom? -No, you _. You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. neednt24. -I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently. -I agree. You _ play like that any more. A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt 25. -Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom? -No. It _ be Tom. He has gone to Paris. A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt26. -Bob, may I _ your MP4? -Sure. But youd better not _ it to others. A. lend, lend B. lend, borrow C. borrow, borrow D. borrow, lend27. There _ a teacher and some students _ basketball on the playground. A. is, to play B. are, playing C. is, playing D. are, playing 28. The news _ very interesting! Please tell more. A. is B. are C. were D. was 30. Jimmy _ TV when his mother got home. A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. was watchingII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. Dont make any noise. Grandma _(sleep).2. _it _(rain) when the film was over yesterday?3. -_ the No.302 bus _ (come)? - Not yet.4. They said they _(leave) if John _(stay).5. Who _(dance) best in your class?6. The Reads _ (not listen) to the radio at that time.7. She said that the car _(use) the next week.8. The dog _(lie) on the floor when I came in.9. Her mother _(cook) at this time yesterday.10. Please _(do) your homework. _(not make) any noise!11. -Where are your parents? - They _(go) to Nanjing.12. The boy _(make) to laugh again and again by the funny story.13. Mary said that she _(visit) her aunt the next week.14. We _ (tell) to write down all the sentences yesterday.15. The patient _(make) _(wait) for a long time.16. The rivers are so small that they cant _(show) in the maps.17. Please tell him _(wait) for me at the gate. 18. The performance _(last) nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early. 19. I will call you as soon as he _(come) back. 20. The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _(become) smaller and smaller. III. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的动词，并用其适当形式填空。有时需要加助动词或不定式符号。（每词用一次）1win, swim, have, put , doHe _1_what Mohammed Ali did for boxing , Michael Jordan for basketball, Roger Federer for tennis and Tiger Woods for golf. Twenty-three-year-old Michael Phelps has become a phenomenon (神话) in swimming. At the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, he _2_eight gold medals. That was more than the whole Australian team could _3_ together. He beat Mark Spitzs 1972 record of seven wins in the pool at the one Games. Phelps has put his name next to seven world records.“Im just lucky to have the drive (动力) that I have, the talent that I have and the excitement for the sport,” Phelps said after winning his last medal.After the Olympics, _4_ will not be in the news so much. But Phelps has decided to keep working to popularize it. “I dont want this sport to be an every-four-years sport,” Phelps said. “Over the past four years, its skyrocketed. Im honored to help this sport for the next generation of swimmers who _5_ it better than I have.”1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2feel, want, stay, invite , haveIt is a very common thing for a person _1_ a good friend. My good friend is Diana. She is rich and proud girl. She often thinks that she is too good for anyone, so nobody _2_ to be her friend.One day after school, I _3_ to Dianas birthday . She gave me a biscuit. I accepted it. We talked and joked , and from then on, I began to spend more time _4_ with Diana. I _5_ happy. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3amaze walk see visit lookI had an unusual experience on Sunday. At around ten oclock in the morning, I _1_ down the street, when a UFO landed right in