高三英语一轮复习语法专题.docVIP

没有爱，就没有教育 ！ ！萧然书院教学讲义教师姓名李威学生姓名高三7上课时间2012.8.10 检查签名教学目标高考名词性从句复习重点、难点名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。考点及考试要求知识要点解析 高考名词性从句复习名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.注意：that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat.(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat, becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3、whether和if的用法。1）whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.2）后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.3）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.4）whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.5）whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.6）宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment.7）引导条件状语从句时， 必须用if . If it rains tomorrow , we wont go to the Summer Palace .（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea 、promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.注意: 同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain. ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain. （ 六）疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（七）名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_notbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecided.（八）、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.（九）that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定主语、宾语、表语或定语，what的意思是:“什么, 的.”What surprised me most is her cheerful expression on her face. 练习：名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.4. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.5. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.6. That is where Lu Xun used to live.7 He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.8. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?9. I wonder why she refused my invitation.三历届高考名词性从句试题1._ you have done might do harm to other people. ( 87 ) A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. This2. They have no idea at all _. ( 87 ) A. where he has goneB. where did he go C. which place he has goneD. where he has gone3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ( 88 ) A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _. ( 88 ) A. where he is most neededB. where he needed C. where he is mostly neededD. where is he mostly needed5. These photographs will show you _. ( 89 ) A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks like C. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like6. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? ( 90 ) A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice put C. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put7. No one can be sure _ in a million years. ( 91 ) A. what man will look likeB. what will man look like C. man will look like whatD. what look will man like8. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. ( 92 ) A. WheneverB. IfC. WhetherD. That9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. ( 92 ) A. whichB. thatC. ifD. for10. _ you dont like him is none of my business. ( 92 ) A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether11. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93 ) A. WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter12. He asked _ for the violin. ( 93 ) A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how much C. how much did I payD. how much I paid13. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. ( 94 ) A. howB. whenC. thatD. if14. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. ( 95 ) A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It15. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. ( 95 ) A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who16. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. ( 96 ) A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what17. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ( 96 ) A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where18. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. ( 97 ) A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever19. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ( 98 ) A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where20. It was a matter of _ would take the position. ( 98 ) A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever21. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off? ( 99 )A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where22. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. ( 99 ) A. WhoB. The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever23. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. ( 00 ) A. thatB. whichC. whicheverD. whatever24. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. ( 00 ) A. That; whatB. What; whyC. What; becauseD. Why; that25. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. ( 01 ) A. whenB. howC. whetherD. why26. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. ( 01 ) A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether27. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the money exactly _ he wants. ( 2002上海 ) A. whatB. whichC. whenD. that28. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. ( 2003上海 ) A. that; to be improvedB. which; to be improved C. where; improvingD. when; improving 29. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003 北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited30. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京)A. thatB. asC. whyD. When31. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him aquick note. ( 04 湖南 )A. whichB. whyC. whatD. how32. A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( 04 天津 ) A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where33. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. ( 04广东 )A. thatB. howC. suchD. so34. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _they insist on going by motor-bike. ( 04 ) A. whyB. whetherC. whenD. how35. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. ( 04上海 )A. whereB. whatC. thatD. how36. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. ( 04上海 )A. when B. whereC. whatD. that37. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. ( 04上海春季 )A. asB. whichC. whatD. that38. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether39. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game . （ 05 北京 ）A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that40. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. ( 05 浙江 ) A. whoB. thatC. asD. which41. The way he did it was different we were used to . ( 05 江西 )A. in whichB. in what C. from what D. from which 42. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. ( 05 湖南 ) A. what B. that C. how D. which43. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling please