大工11春《大学英语3》辅导资料二.docVIP

大连理工大学网络教育学院大学英语3辅导资料二主 题：Unit 1的知识扩展、Unit 2 的重点单词和短语学习时间：2011年4月18日4月24日内 容：汉译英中常出现的错误：(1) 这本词典的价钱是多少？Wrong: How much is the price of the dictionary?Right: How much is the dictionary?Right: What is the price of the dictionary?说明：how much已有多少钱的意思，不能再用price.(2) 罗伯特的个子很高。Wrong: Robert is a high man.Right: Robert is a tall man.Right: Robert is very tall.说明：表示人“高”要用tall，不可用high。(3) 多谢你的帮助。Wrong: Thank your help very much.Right: Thank you for your help very much.说明：感谢某人做了什么事要用thank sb. for sth.的结构。此外还有help sb. with sth.和praise sb. for sth.(4) 他的名字叫约瑟夫。Wrong: His name is called Joseph.Right: His name is Joseph.Right: He is called Joseph.说明：汉语中的“名叫某某”译成英语时要按“名是某某”或“叫某某”。(5) 她英语学得很差。Wrong: She studies English very poor.Right: Her English is very poor.Right: She is poor in English.说明：此处poor是形容词，不能修饰动词studies.(6) 那天晚上，她在晚会上玩得很痛快。Wrong: She enjoyed very much at the party that evening.Right: She enjoyed herself very much at the party that evening.说明：enjoy是及物动词，当表示“玩得痛快”之意时，要用词组enjoy oneself.(7) 我花了两天时间做这项实验。Wrong: I spent two days to do this experiment.Right: I spent two days (in) doing this experiment.说明：当表示“某人在某事上花费多少时间”之意时要用 “spend +时间+(in) doing”的结构。(8) 我也认识他。Wrong: I know him, either.Right: I know him, too.说明：too和either都表示“也”之意。但是either用于否定句中，too用于肯定句中。(9) 你昨晚什么时候睡的。Wrong: When did you sleep last night?Right: When did you go to bed last night?说明：sleep的含义是“睡眠”，而go to bed是上床睡觉的意思。(10) 你最好别听他的。Wrong: You hadnt better listen to him.Right: You had better not listen to him.说明：惯用语had better的否定式是had better not do.NEW WORDS (对Unit 2重点单词的解释)1. acquire vt. 掌握，获得（知识、技能等）e.g. I look on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.（我把这当作是一次学习新技能的机会。） The team has acquired a fearsome reputation.（这去队伍赢得了令人生畏的名声。）2. apparent adj. 显而易见的；明白易懂的搭配 apparent toe.g. Her anxiety was apparent to everyone.（大家都看得出她焦虑不安。）句型 1) it became apparent thate.g. It soon became apparent that our opponents were too strong for us.（很快就看出，我们的对手太强。）2) for no apparent reasone.g. Suddenly, for no apparent reason, he walked away.（他莫名其妙地就突然走了。）3. application n. 实际用途e.g. A micro computer has a wide range of applications for businesses.（微型电脑在商业方面用途很广。）搭配 application of/to/ine.g. the application of this theory to actual economic practice（这一理论在经济实践中的应用）4. approach n. 方法；步骤搭配 approach toe.g. a new approach to teaching languages（教授语言的新方法） 5. aspiration n. 强烈愿望；志向，抱负e.g. Hannah ahs always had political aspirations.（汉纳在政治上一向有抱负。）搭配 aspiration of e.g. the aspirations of the working classes（劳动阶级的强烈愿望）6. attain vt. 实现；获得，赢得e.g. More women are attaining positions of power in public life.（越来越多的妇女在社会生活中获得权位。）7. broaden vt. 使扩大，使增加e.g. Broaden your knowledge of English with this book（看这本书来扩充你的英语知识）搭配 broaden your horizons开阔视野8. claim vt. 声称；断言；主张e.g. He claimed (that) hed been dining with friends at the time of the murder.（他声称，凶案发生时自己正与朋友们进餐。）搭配 1) claim to bee.g. She claims to be a descendant of the murder.（她宣称自己是查尔斯狄更斯的后裔。）2) claim to have donee.g. Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.（医生声称已经找到了治疗该疾病的方法。）3) claim responsibility/innocence/credit（声称有责任/无辜/有功劳）9. conduct n. （尤指在公开场合和工作中的）行为，举止e.g. The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct.（这个记者被指责违反职业道德。）10. curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲搭配 1) curiosity aboute.g. Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.（儿童对周围的世界有天然的好奇心。）2) out of curiositye.g. Just out of curiosity, how old are you?（我只是出于好奇，请问你多大？）3) burning with curiosity 非常好奇4) satisfy your curiosity 满足自己的好奇心e.g. I just had to satisfy my curiosity, so I opened the parcel.（我只是想满足自己的好奇心，于是打开了包裹。）11. gain v. 取得（成就）；获得e.g. She gained high grades in English and Math.（她的英语和数学得了高分。） After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed Ghana.（1957年获得独立后，它改名为“加纳”。）搭配 1) gain experience/support/a reputation etc（获得经验/支持/名声）e.g. The Greens are gaining more and more support.（绿党正获得越来越多的支持。）2) gain in popularity/confidence etc（变得越来越受欢迎/越来越有信心等）12. innocent adj. 天真无邪的；阅世不深的e.g. I was thirteen years old and very innocent.（我那时13岁，年幼无知。）补充 innocent还有“无罪的；无辜的”的意思。e.g. Nobody would believe that I was innocent.（没人肯相信我是无罪的。） innocent victims/bystanders/people etc（无辜的受害者/旁观者/人们等）搭配 innocent ofe.g. Hes innocent of murder.（他没犯杀人罪。）13. interact vi. 交流；交往；互相理解搭配 interact withe.g. He interacts well with other children in the class.（他和班里的其他孩子相片得很好。）14. involve vt. 包含（必要的部分或结果）e.g. What will the job involve?（这份工作包括什么？） I didnt realize putting on a play involved so much work.（我没有想到演出一场戏需要做这么多的工作。）搭配 involve doing sth.e.g. Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.（每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。）15. practical adj. 1) 实践的，实际的e.g. How much practical experience do you have of working with computers?（你有多少操作电脑的实践经验？） a practical knowledge of simple medicine（有关简单药物的实用知识） 2) 可行的e.g. The only practical solution is to sell the company.（惟一可行的解决办法是把公司卖掉。） 16. principle n. 规范；原则e.g. He has no principles; hell do anything, as long as its profitable.（他没有丝毫的行为准则，只要有利可图，他什么都会干。）搭配 against ones principles（违背某人的行为准则）17. secondary adj. 中等的e.g. secondary education（中等教育，指对11岁至16岁孩子的教育）补充 secondary还有“第二的，次要的”的意思e.g. a secondary role（次要角色）搭配 be of secondary importance/be a secondary consideration（次要的/次要考虑的）e.g. Getting there is the main thing how we get there is a secondary consideration.（要去那里是主要的至于怎样去那里，那是第二位的考虑。）18. various adj. 各种各样的（一般用于名词前）e.g. available in various colors（各种颜色的应有尽有） 19. well-being n. 舒适；健康；幸福搭配 1) well-being ofe.g. We are responsible for the care and well-being of patients.（我们负责照顾病人并为他们的健康负责。）the economic well-being of the country（该国的经济繁荣）a sense of well-being（幸福的感觉） EXPRESSIONS1. aim at doing sth. 力求做到e.g. You should always aim at doing your job well.（你应力求做好你的工作。） 2. along with sb./sth. 除以外；与同样地e.g. She came to dinner along with her boyfriend.（她和她的男朋友一道来用餐。） 3. be responsible for 对负责；对承担义务e.g. In no way am I responsible for what has happened.（我决不对发生的事情负责。）4. bring about 导致；引起e.g. Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace.（电脑给工作场所带来了很多变化。）5. consist of 包括e.g. A week consist of seven days.（一星期由七天组成。） Most people are familiar with the idea that all matter consist of atoms.（大多数人熟悉一切物质都是由原子组成的这一概念。）6. lay the foundation for 为打基础e.g. Good planning after the war laid the foundation for the nations economic miracle.（战后良好的规划为这个国家的经济奇迹奠定了基础。）7. pave the way/path for 铺路（为某人或某事创造条件）e.g. The Supreme Court decision paved the way for further legislation on civil rights.（最高法院的这个决定为人权的进一步立法铺平了道路。）8. be bound to do sth. 一定做某事e.g. Its bound to rain soon.（过一会儿肯定会下雨。） Dont lie to her. Shes bound to find out about it.（别骗她，她肯定会发现的。）例题：作文写作1. 请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇不少于100词左右的英语短文。任务说明这篇典故叙述的是“孩子不打不成材”，请阅读下面这篇文章后，按照要求完成如下任务：A boy once stole a girls bicycle. He took the stolen bicycle home to his mother. The boys mother did not punish him. Instead, she told her son that he was clever for doing so. Soon after, the boy stole a loaf of bread and brought it home. His mother thanked her son saving her money. When the boy grew up, stealing had become his habit. He often stole things he didnt even want. Then, one day, the man got caught and was going to be killed. The mans mother went to see her son in prison. “Why have you done these tings?” his mother asked. “Lean closer to me and Ill tell you,” replied her son. But when his mother leaned closer her son, he bit off her ear. “Ive always done these things, mother,” said the man. “But you never told me they were wrong.”写作内容1. 请阅读上面这篇典故，简明扼要地概括这篇短文的基本内容。2. 根据这篇典故所阐述的教育小孩的道理，结合你身边的实际，谈谈你的教育小孩的观点，至少包含以下的内容要点：(1)你是否赞同典故中所叙述的教育小孩的观点？(2)在教育小孩方面，你有何高见？任务写作The story mainly says when people are not punished for doing bad things early in their lives; they may do worse things when they get older. As the mother used a wrong way to educate her son, his sons bright future had been ruined. So I am strongly against her view. When her son stole others things, she didnt blame him. Day after day, he had formed a bad habit of stealing things. I think parents should use a correct way to educate the children. If parents want their children to respect and trust them, at first they should respect and tru