过去式和过去分词.doc

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1. 规则变化1. 一般情况直接加ed，如askasked, workworked2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如loveloved, dancedanced3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如trytried, studystudied4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如stopstopped, permitpermitted注：A. 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如controlcontrolled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如traveltraveled(美) /travelled(英) 。B. 特例：picnicpicnickedpicnicked(去野餐)，traffictraffickedtrafficked（交易，在通行）另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。(见后)C. 读音与说明:.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为d: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed.-ed在t、d 后发音为id: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 2. 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可主要分为几种情况。【AAA型】：putputput cutcutcut shutshutshut setsetset hithithit hurthurthurt costcostcost read/ri:d/read/red/read/red/ letletlet forecastforecastforecast, burstburstburst broadcastbroadcastbroadcast castcastcast spreadspreadspread bid1bidbid 出价recastrecastrecast betbetbet ridridrid resetresetreset 【ABB型】：(原形aught/oughtaught/ought)*catch caught caught*teach taught taughtbring brought broughtbuy bought boughtthink thought thought【原形元音变化元音变化】：sit sat satmeet met metfind found foundget got gotstand stood stoodunderstand understood understoodwin won wonhold held heldshine shone shonedig dug dughang hung/hanged hung/hanged【原形 “t” “t”】lose lost lostbuild built builtspill spilt spiltspoil spoilt spoiltsend sent sentspend spent spentsmell smelt smeltfeel felt feltmean meant meantlearn learnt/learned learnt/learnedlend lent lent【原形 “d” “d”】hear heard heardmake made madehave(has) had hadpay paid paidsay said saidlay laid laidsell sold soldtell told told【“ee/ea” “e.t” “e.t”】sleep slept sleptsweep swept sweptkeep kept keptleave left left【ABC型】：(原形变形原形+en/ne)be(am,is) was beenbe(are) were beensee saw seendo did donego went gonebeat beat beateneat ate eatengive gave givenhide hid hiddenfall fell fallenmistake mistook mistakentake took takendrive drove drivenrise rose risenride rode riddenwrite wrote written原形 “-o-” “过去式-n”)break broke brokenspeak spoke spokenchoose chose chosenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozenwake woke/waked woken/waked(原形 “ew” “原形-n”)draw drew drawnblow blew blownshow showed shown*fly flew flowngrow grew grownthrow threw thrownknow knew known(原形 “-a-” “-u-”)begin began begunring rang rungdrink drank drunksing sang sungsink sank/sunk sunk/sunkenswim swam swum【其他】lie lay lai