同等学力申硕英语语法归纳非谓语动词.docVIP

同等学力申硕：同等学力申硕英语语法归纳：非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，是指不能做谓语的动词形式。非谓语动词不受主语人称和数的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语和同位语。具体表现形式有三种：1. 动词不定式 to + V ;2. 动名词 V-ing;3. 过去分词 V-ed。考点归纳1. 常考知识点(1) 现在分词和过去分词做定语和表语时的区别。表示“让人感觉”应用现在分词变成的形容词，如：interesting，confusing，amazing等;而表示人的感情、感觉时应用过去分词，如：interested，confused，amazed等。(2) 不定式和动名词的区别。常考固定搭配或习惯用法。如：have trouble/difficulty a difficult time(in)doing sth. 同时应注意并列结构如and或 or要求前后连接的句子成分在语法结构上要保持一致。(3) 非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。注意判断应用主动的还是被动的。(4) 非谓语动词的完成式和一般式的区别。2. 真题解析例1：Although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer，it can help you enjoying the years you do live.(2002年)此题的答案是C。此题的考点是不定式和动名词的区别，应将enjoying改成enjoy。Help sb. do sth. 是固定搭配。例2：While schools developing online curricula try to strike a balance between profits and prestige，many educators are confusing about their role in this digital world.(2002年)此题的答案是C。此题的考点是现在分词和过去分词做定语和表语时的区别，应将are confusing改成are confused。在这里，是指教育者们对自己在这一数字世界里的作用感到困惑。例3：When he speaks at banquets，he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake hands with every waiter and waitress.(2002年)此题的答案是C。此题的考点是不定式和动名词的区别，应将to shake改成shaking。在这里shaking和going into一起做的是介词of的宾语。介词的宾语只能由动名词来充当。本题还应注意并列连词and的连接作用，它要求前后连接的句子成分在语法结构上要保持一致。例4：Alongside these technical skills we need to extend and refine our social skills. The basis of this is to avoid any sense of be a special category of person.(2001年)此题的答案是D。此题的考点是不定式和动名词的区别。应将of be改成of being。介词的宾语只能由动名词来充当。例5：To control quality and making decisions about production are among the many responsibilities of an industrial engineer.(2000年)此题的答案是B。此题的考点是不定式和动名词的区别，应将making改成to make。在这里用的是不定式的并列结构来做句子的主语;应注意并列结构如and或 or要求前后连接的句子成分在语法结构上要保持一致。例6：Some of these studies have shown that although some people have trouble to fall asleep，others have an equally difficult time waking up.(1999年)此题的答案是B。此题的考点是不定式和动名词的区别，应将to fall asleep改成falling asleep。have trouble/difficulty a difficult time(in)doing sth.(干有困难)是固定搭配。例7：If you read Canadian English Dictionaries，you certainly find both American and British spellings listing，and the first word is the spelling preferred by the educated Canadian majority.(1998年)此题的答案是B。此题的考点是现在分词和过去分词的区别，应将listing改成listed。应注意非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系，判断应用主动的还是被动的。在这里spellings应当是被列出的。知识储备1. 非谓语动词的句法功能和意义分词的独立结构前也可以有with，without或there。with本身没有词义，there实际上是引导词，being后面的名词才是分词的逻辑主语，例如：Weather permitting，well be going fishing tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们明天去钓鱼。All the money having been spent，we started looking for work. 花光了所有的钱，我们开始找工作。With night coming on，they went home. 天晚了，他们回家了。He left home，without a single word said. 他没说一句话，就离开了家。There being nothing to do，we played games. 没什么可做的，我们于是玩游戏。考点二：非谓语动词三种表示被动的结构。(语法常考题)to be done 不定式的被动态表示将来的动作;being done 用来表示动作的正在(被)进行、表示同时和伴随性;having been done表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一般和瞬间动词连用;done表示动作的被动关系和已完成，但不强调动作完成的时间。例如：Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in New York next month?你去参加下个月在纽约召开的会议吗?The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。Did you attend the press conference held in Beijing last week?你参加了上个月在北京召开的会议了吗?All flights having been cancelled，they had to take the train. 由于所有的航班都取消了，他们不得不坐火车。考点三：分词的短语的固定表达方式，一般不受主语一致的限制。如：according to .(根据) judging from.(从判断)owing to .(由于) taking everything into consideration .(全盘考虑)allowing for.(考虑到) leaving . on