初中英语副词的用法1.doc

副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词连用顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。 副词adverb 起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。 1) 时间和频度副词: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, late, next,lastday,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once，twice 2) 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副词: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词: much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly. 5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why. 6) 关系副词: when, where, why. 7) 连接副词: therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then. 副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语，定语。 He works hard. （作状语） 他工作努力。 You speak English very well. （作状语） 你英语讲的相当好。 Is she in ? （作表语） 她在家吗? Lets be out. （作表语） 让我们出去吧。 Food here is hardly to get. （作状语） 这儿很难弄到食物。 Let him out!（作补语） 让他出去！ .修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后 a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat 1) 实义动词之前，be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning every day. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。 She didnt drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。 The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。 They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。 2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 Its rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 Its rather difficult to tell who is right. 很难说谁是对的。 Its so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。 Its much better. 好多了。 3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustnt always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。 The new students dont always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。 4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱？ Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。 5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 oclock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。 6)否定副词在句首，句子要倒装，如： Never have I felt so excited! 我从来没有觉得太激动了！ 副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most 。 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest much more most warmly more warmly most warmly 单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。 near nearer nearest hard harder hardest 多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。 warmly more warmly most warmly successfully more successfully most successfully 有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。 well-better - best little - less(er) - least much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。 He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。 Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. 露西比丽丽起床早。 He runs fastest in our class. 他在我们班跑地最快。 He dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的队员潜水深。 Its true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. 他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。 Our school team play football best in our region. 我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。 语法 Grammar in use形容词的比较级和最高级 （1）构成 A 大多数单音节形容词的比较级和最高级的构成是在其原级后面加上-er和-est： small-smaller-smallest new-newer-newest B 许多单音节形容词只有一个元音字母，其末尾为一辅音字母。在比较级和最高级形式中，这个辅音字母要双写： big-bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest C 许多单音节形容词以-e结尾，如 nice。这些形容词只需在原级形式后加-r和-st： large-larger-largest nice-nicer-nicest D 有些形容词以-y结尾，而在-y前是一个辅音字母。这些形容词一般有两个音节。变为比较级和最高级时，-y要变成-i，末尾再加-er和-est： easy-easier-easiest heavy-heavier-heaviest E 但有少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记，如： good-better-best bad-worse-worst F 大多数较长的形容词（即有两个以上音节的词）可与more连用构成其比较级形式，与most连用构成其最高级形式。 原级比较的基本用法1. 原级比较由“as形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)as ”构成“原级相同”比较句，表示两者比较；其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) 形容词或副词as”，而且asas结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰 1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as . A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteen?minute walking 2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence C and memory retention(记忆力) in solving D a problem. 3) Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state， Texas. 2. “as (so)名词as名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as 4) Thomas Jeffersons achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician. A such B more C as D than 5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题) A that B so C this D as 3. 表示“是几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as 形容副词as.” eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。 2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍 比较级1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级than，”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、?ING结构和?ED结构，有时也可省去than。 6) Natural mica(云母) of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica. 7) She is older than . A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8) Josephine McCrackin joined A the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late B ， remained C active in journalistic D work. 2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致 9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than . A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10) Sound travels air. A faster through water than through B faster than through water and C through water faster andD where it is faster through water than through 11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrands pupils， followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D . 最高级1. 最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词形容词最高级名词表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等) 12) The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear. 13) Of all economic A problems， inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and business. 14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级可以不用定冠词the 特殊表达法一、形容词与副词的同级比较： 由“as(so)as”引出，其否定式为“not so”或“not asas”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子 1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待。 2. as much：表示“与同量” Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把它买下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。 3. as many：表示“与一样多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。 二、表示“几倍于”的比较级：用twice (两倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as as 结构 This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。 1) The five?year deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C ， three million more as D the old pacts minimum. 三、“the same 名词as”表示同等比较 2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye. A in the same function B the same function as C the function is the same as D and has the same function 3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed. A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四、比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更进一步 4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were. A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered A migratory， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter. 兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与hi