名词从句教学案及其练习.doc

英语高考专题复习讲与练名词性从句一、考点聚焦 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） （2）whether和if的用法。whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)A.why B.when C.what D.where解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。3. I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A.it B.that C.these D.them解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编-名词性从句u 名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；【2011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【答案】B【解析】句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why【答案】A【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that【答案】D【解析】句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。【2011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】D【解析】句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。【2011山东卷 26】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why【答案】D【解析】句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。【2011山东卷 33】Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what . whether D. which【答案】C【解析】根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether “是否“， where “哪里“what “什么”，which “哪个“。【2011江西卷 26.】The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which【答案】C【解析】村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。【2011江苏卷 26】It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why【答案】A【解析】句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。【2011安徽卷 33】His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what【答案】D【解析】句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。【2011四川卷 10】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which【答案】C【解析】in介词之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why“为什么”；how“怎么样”；which“哪一个”。【2011辽宁卷 23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. A. what B. who . how D. why【答案】C【解析】句子意思：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，that aims to teach _ to read first.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词+to do”结构。【2011辽宁卷 32】When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because【答案】C【解析】句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“ the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。【2011天津卷 13】Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where【答案】C【解析】句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。【2011陕西卷 15】Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what【答案】D【解析】后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。【2011重庆卷 22】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. when C. which D. where【答案】A【解析】still under discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whetheror not也可以做出正确选择。【2011重庆卷 34】It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. that【答案】B【解析】What引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“a new invention can be of what use”。【2011湖南卷)31】Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why【答案】A【解析】从句中缺表语，排除B和D；又因题目没有给出problem的范围，故选A；句意：在解决问题之前，一定要弄清楚问题是什么。10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether答案C解析空格在句中充当宾语。我们应该尊重食物, 考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。10湖南Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 答案D解析该空引导宾语从句, 根据句意 “办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。10天津As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which答案B解析句意：作为一名新毕业生, 他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词, 其后缺少宾语, 所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。10北京 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How答案B解析句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语, 只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。10浙江How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, you want. A. whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever答案C解析句意：“这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜的？” “好啊, 按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。10浙江It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether答案B解析根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物, 但是, 它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是 “副作用”, 还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故选择what, 形容词 “什么样的”, 起修饰作用。10上海One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. whyA解析考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。10湖北The news _（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)答案that the housing price will fall解析用 “that” 引导同位语从句, “房价”译成 “housing price”。10山东Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which答案B解析句意应为 “在大甩卖开始前, 我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知, 空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语, 所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。10上海When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering答案B解析which引导的句子做know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。10四川How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. w_ A. what B. who C. how D. why w答案B考点考查介词后的宾语从句。解析根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去, 故选B。句意为 “一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”10全国We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where答案D解析句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。干中空格划在动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句, 根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D。10湖北I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how答案C解析我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A, 错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。10全国Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where答案D解析Up to为介词结构, 后接宾语从句从句；而句意是 “读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。10江苏I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what答案A解析这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句。10北京Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether答案B解析从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。2012届高考英语考前冲刺专题精选名词性从句专题练习1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _ they need.A. where B. which C. when D. what2. Shed like to offer money to _ needs it to continue his or her study.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever3. -If you are admitted to a key university, _ as a prize? - Im looking for a cell phone.A. What you expect your father will offer youB. Do you expect what your father will offer youC. What do you expect will your father offer youD. What do you expect your father will offer you4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price. A. that B. which C. what D. as5. Generally speaking, _ we have seen seems more believable than _ we have been told.A. what; that B. what; what C. that; what D. that; that6. After three days waiting, there was a little doubt in the mothers mind _ the police could find her lost child.A. how B. that C. where D. whether7. “Sustainable development” is a question _ we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment. A. why B. when C. that D. how8. Wed like to do _ we can _ the poor. A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help9. My parents used _they had to get a new car for my brother. A. which B. all what C. whatD. 不填10. She was so angry at all _ he was doing _ she stayed up all night. A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as11. After _ seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts. A. there B. which C. what D. that12. Our school is no longer _ it was 10 years ago, _ it was not well equipped.A. what; which B. that; which C. what; when D. that; where13. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing _we live can we save the earth. A. that B. what C. how D. where14. Thinking that you know _ in fact you dont is a serious mistake A. what B. that C. when D. however15. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything16. One of the men held the view _the book said was right. A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether17. I think that this meal was well worth _ was charged for it.A. that B. whatC. which D. how many18. Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable?A. for whichB. whichC. why D. what19. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed.A. whichB. that C. whatD. where20. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders_ will happen to her private life.A. it B. that C. what D. this21. The news has spread all over the country _ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.A. that B. whichC. whether D. what22. You can choose _ book you like among these.A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever23. Is this research center _ we visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one D. which24. Loulan city is not at all _a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.A. what B. that C .which D. where 25. What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why26. We should buy our daughter a computer in _ it can help to improve her English. A. which B. that C. what D. whom27. I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests. A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone28. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it. A. this B. what C. that D. it29. The task required _ did it _ careful and brave enough.A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever; be30. We wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped us. A. who B. those C. whom D. whoever31.- What are you anxious about? - _.A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeedC. Do you succeed D. That we can succeed32. I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is33. -I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. -Oh, that