语法专题十七名词性从句.doc

北京英才苑网站 http:/wwwycycomcn 版权所有盗版必究语法专题十七 名词性从句考点解析名词性从句一 名词性从句的关联词有三类：1 从属连词：that, whether, if2 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever3 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however关联词的用法可以简单地归纳为三句话：（1） 从句不缺成分用that（2） 从句缺少主语，宾语和表语， 指物用what, which, whatever， 指人用who/whom/whoever/whomever/whose.（3） 其他情况， 句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose)。 下面我们逐一分析这三句话的含意。第一句话：从句不缺成分用that， 例如：1） My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句：我的希望是她能很快康复。）2） Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句：大家都希望她能很快康复。）2） That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句：她能很快康复是我们的希望。）从上面三个句子可以看出：1） 名词性从句中的that只是起连接作用， 不.充当任何成分， 一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别。2） 引导主语从句， 表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是可以省略的， 引导是宾语从句。第二句话：从句缺少主语宾语和表语， 物用what， 人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。这是名词性从句考试的重点， 特别是what， 这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分。 例如：_he needs is more time.（他需要的是更多的时间）显然， 主语从句中: he是主语， 而谓语动词needs缺宾语， 因此填what。Tell us _you saw and heard during your visit to that university.同样， 宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语， 应填what。This is not _I want, 同样，表语从句中动词缺宾语，应填what_some people are against is _other people are for.这是一个主语从句+表语从句的结构， 介词against和for后面都没有宾语， 无疑都应填what： 一些人反对的就是其它人赞成的。第三句话： 其他情况， 中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether，where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose), 例如：I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather.天气这么糟糕， 不知他是否会来。Who will give us a lecture is unknown.谁给我们作报告还不知道。I have no idea how he learned about it.我不知道他是怎么得知的。名词性从句引导词列表：从属连词that, whether, if主语从句That he will come is certain.（that不可省略）Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.（不能用if）句首不能省略that引导主语从句只用whether宾语从句I think (that) hell be all right in a few days.I went in and asked if (whether) they had a cheap suit.（1） that可以省略（2） if与whether可互换（3） 作介词宾语一般用whether表语从句The fact is that I have never been there.The question is whether it is worth doing.（1） that一般不省略（2） 用whether而不用if同位语从句The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of usThey asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.（1） that不能省略（2） 用whether而不用if连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what主语从句Who will take his place is unknown.What he said is very important.Which side will win is not clear.（1） 用陈述句语气（2） what相当于先行词+定语从句宾语从句I really dont know what he is doing.Pay attention to what the teacher said.表语从句That is what he is worried about.The question is who will come here.The question is which team will win the match.同位语从句I had no idea who had stolen the money.I have no idea which team will win.连接副词where, when, why, how主语从句Where she has gone s not known yet.When they will start is not know yet.（1） 必须用陈述句语序。（2） 同位语从句的连接词不能省略。宾语从句I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.表语从句That is where he was born.This is why he is late.同位语从句I have no idea when he will come.You have no idea how worried I was.高考示例【例一】2005 全国The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever提示： 此题考查名词性从句。 Whatever help“无论什么样的帮助”，其他的不能和help连用。答案：c【例二】2004 全国IYou are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how提示： 该题考查where引导的表语从句, where在从句中作地点状语。 A，C，D三项虽能引导名词性从句， 但是这几个连接词在句中所做的成分与句意不符。 答案：B【例三】2004 全国-I think its going to be a big problem.-Yes, it could be.-I wonder _we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that提示：what引导宾语从句并在宾语从句中作及物动词do的宾语。答案：C【例四】2004 全国I like _in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one提示：it作形式宾语， 代替when引导的宾语从句， A，B，D三项都不能作形式宾语。 答案：C【例五】Parents are taught to understand _important education is to their childrent future. A. that B. how C. such D. so提示： 此题考查宾语从句。 题干中的 “_important education is to their childrens future”应理解为education是主语， important是表语， to their childrent future是状语， 故空格处应为how修饰important。 其实宾语从句是一个感叹句。答案：B触类旁通1. Your skirt is really splendid, but _we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.A. that B. what C. whether D. how.2. _made me more surprised was _the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed. A. What ;that B. That; that C. What; whether D. It; that3. What do you think of this suggestion that we _lunch at the new restaurant? A. will have B. are going to have C. would have C. have4. I dont know the reason _you were absent from the meeting, but Im sure that someone will tell me the reason _you havent told me. A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that5. _made his mother surprised was _Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick. A. What; that B. What; because C. That; what D. That; because6. According to Bill Gates, the idea _we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear _it will be on sale and _it will cost. A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the peoples fear _they would be infected by the present disease called SARS. A. whether B. which C. when D. that8. Word has come _in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down. A. that B. while C. when D. as9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her s