直接引语变间接引语的方法.docVIP

直接引语变间接引语的用法She said. My brother wants to go with me.(直接引语，即直接用“”把说话者所说的话引用)She said her brother wanted to go with her.（间接引语，即通过说话人与听话人之外的人称也就是第三人称转述成一个宾语从句）一、如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的人称间接引语中的人称备 注一人称与主句部分主语一致的代词二人称与主句部分宾语一致的代词三人称不变化、不更新He said to me. My brother wants to go with me.（He said.为主句，he为主句的主语;me为主句的宾语，My brother wants to go with me.为直接引语，将要变成间接引语即宾语从句）“一随主”是指在直接引语中有第一人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中主语的人称相应的代词。如：He said. My brother wants to go with me. He said his brother wanted to go with him.说明：my是直接引语中的一人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语要变成与主句he said 中的主语he相一致的形容词性物主代词，即his;me是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词宾格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he said 中的主语he 一致的人称代词宾格,即him“二随宾”是指直接引语中有第二人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中宾语的人称相应的代词。如：He says to Kate. I am your sister ? He tells Kate he is her sister。说明：I 是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词主格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate中的主语he相一致的人称代词主格，即he;your是直接引语中的二人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate中宾语Kate一致的形容词性物主代词，即her. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语中的三人称的代词变成间接引语时不需要改变人称。如：Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。（Jack是三人称，变成间接引语时依然是Jack。）2、 如何变时态：1、 当主句为一般现在时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态不变，依然用直接引语的时态。如：Lily says to us, “I will go to America with you Lily tells us that she will go to America with us.2、 当主句为一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态要做相应的调整，用成相应的过去时态。如：直接引语的时态间接引语的时态备注一般现在时一般过去时重点学一般将来时过去将来时重点学现在进行时过去进行时重点学现在完成时过去完成时重点学一般过去时过去完成时重点学现在进行时过去进行时必学1) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20,1980 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980。直接引语是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型(语序)：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me, You have seen the film, havent you?She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：He said, “Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is!”She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）注意（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked.He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.五、如何变时间状语和地点状语：.一般地应作相应的变化。指示代词：this -that these- those表示时间的词： now - then today- that day this week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc)yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词： here -there六、如何变动词：动词 bring - take come goExercise one( )1) I asked him how much_.A) does his new car cost B)did his new car costC) his new car costed D)his new car cost( )2)Do you know _.A) what hes looking for B)what is he looking forC) what does he look for D)his is looking for( )3)Im not sure _.A) what is his name. B)what his name is.C) his name is what D)whats his name( )4)I dont know _.A) where does he live B)where did he liveC) where he lives D)he lives where( )5)I didnt know_.A) what she said B)what did she sayC) what she spoke D)what was she speaking( )6)I dont know_.A) when he will come back B)when will he come backC)when does he come back D)when did he come back( )7)Could you tell me where _ now? A)you are living B) do you live C)you live D)did you live( )8)He didnt know _he should go or not. A)if B) weather C)that D)whetherExercise two陈述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.” She says 2)She said,”I am a teacher.” She said 一般疑问句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me. He ( ) me 2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me. He ( ) me 特殊疑问句3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me 4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me. Please told me 祈使句/请求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom. Mother ( ) Tom 2)“open the window.” Mr Li said to me. Mr Li ( ) me 3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me. Kate ( ) me Exercise three把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般现在时1)“We go to school on Saturday.” They say 2)“I want to give your sister a Christmas card.” Kelly says 3)“I will visit my daughter in March.” He says 4)She says, “Im glad to meet you.” She tells us 把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般过去时5)“I am a teacher.” He said 6)“We are at the coffee shop.” They said 7)“I dont have any books about animals.” Rik told Annie 8)“The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said Exercise four把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般现在时1)I really dont know.“Did they go to the park yesterday?” I really dont know 2)The principal wants to know.“Do the students study hard?” The principal wants to know 把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般过去时3)They wondered.“Shall we buy some food for picnic?” They wondered 4)“Is your mother a doctor or not?” Lucy asked me. Lucy asked me Exercise five把直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般现在时1)Jack wants to know.“Where does your cousin live?” Jack wants to know 2)Do you know. “Whose book is it?” Do you know 把直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般过去时3)“What do you want?” Sally asked me. Sally asked me 4)“How much sugar shall we put in a cake?” She knew. She knew Exercise six把下列句子改成间接引语方法:首先区别句子,然后决定引导词/语序/时态/人称1)Dont drink too much.The doctor said to me. 2)We go to school on Saturday. They said. 3)How can I get to the park? Can you tell me. 4)Is your mother a worker? She asked me. 5)Does Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6)Please open the window. The teacher said to Tom. 7)Ice gets into water when its over zero. I learned. 8)What time did he get up? Please tell us. 9)Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 10)Will you go shopping with me? Miss Li asked me. I. 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。1. “Im glad to receive your e-mail,” said he._2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”_3. “How do you like the food here?” said she._4. She said to me, “Dont ride in the street.”_5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man._II. 请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。1 She said, “Are you from the south?”She asked _ I _ from the south.2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.”Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie.3 Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”Susan told me that _ _ _ the Red StarFarm _ _ _.4 Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”Mr Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound.5 “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.The manager _ him _ _ and post the letters1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.直接引语变间接引语专项练习一）直接引语变间接引语1. “In most countries red stands for danger.” Said Mr. Jackson.2. “You must leave a message for your mother.” Said Tom.3. “Are you being attended to, sir?” He asked.4. “Shall I carry your bag for you?” Mary asked.5. “Do you know her name?” My friend Jack asked me.6. “Where is the nearest hospital?” John asked.7. “Dont look out of the window when you have classes.” Our teacher told us.8. “Make good use of your time.” Mr. Li advised.9. He asked Li Ying “Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?”10. He asked me, “When did you see the film?”二）间接引语变直接引语11. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.Betty asked me，“_ _ at home _?”12. She said that she had been back for a week.She said，“_ _ _ for a week.”13. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.Mr. Smith said，“John _ _ all about it three weeks _.”14. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.The teacher asked his student，“Why _ _ _ so many mistakes in the test _ time?”15. The teacher asked us whether we were ready.The teacher asked us，“_ _ _?”16. The teacher told her not to be late any more.The teacher _ _ her，“_ _ late any more!”17. My doctor told me not to read in bed. My doctor _ _ me，“_ _ in bed.”18. Liu Ying told me that she would help me with my English.Liu Ying said to me，“_ _ help _ with _ English.”19. Do you know what factory his father works in?What factory _ his father _ in? Do you know?20. The monitor told us that we were going to have a meeting the next day.The monitor said, “We _ _ to have a meeting _.”三）更多补充练习21He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” 22She said: “He will be busy.” 23She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 24She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 25The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 26The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” 27The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 28The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 29My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” 30The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 31He said, “We are still students. 32He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” 33 The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” 34He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 35She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. 36 Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.” 37He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. 38She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” 39I said to him, “I have finished it.” 40She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.” 41“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. 42“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 43“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 44“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 45“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语练习题I. 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 1.She said, “Are you from the south?” She asked _ I _ from the south. 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie. 3Susan said to me, “We will visit the farm next week.” Susan told me that _ _ _ the farm _ _ _. 4 Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Mr Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound. 5 “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. The manager _ him _ _ and post the letters. 6. “I cant find my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.7. “I will take it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with _.8. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How do you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ it.11.“Where are you these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _these days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ ma