短暂性动词和延续性动词.doc

短暂性动词和延续性动词可以从字面上理解，持续的动作就是延续动词，反之就是瞬间动词（短暂动词），这个有这种感觉还是很好理解的，你看看下面的浅谈吧 延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke 瞬间性动词: open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish 1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。 终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。 如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。 Ive had a cold since my arrival（到达 n.）. I didnt go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a”可有可无，catch可用take,get代替。 Put on your coat,or youll catch/take/get a cold. Take care not to get cold. 但是，若cold前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。 如：Brown has taken a slight cold. 注意下列句子： I have caught a cold for over a week.() I have had a cold for over a week.( ) 2、延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。 延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用；这类动词如用于进行时态，则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。 He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.() He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.( ) 3、代替终止性动词的方法 a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to 巩固练习：（同义转换，每空一词）.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago. Li Lei the Party three years ago. Li Lei the Party three years. three years Li Lei joined the Party. Three years Li Lei joined the Party.2.My father left Gucheng last week. My father Gucheng last week. My father Gucheng a week.3.The factory opened in 1996. The factory ten years. The factory since 1996.4. His grandfather died five years ago. His grandfather since . His grandfather five years. five years his grandfather died. Five years his grandfather died.5. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago. Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago. Mr. Wang Beijing five days.6. The film began ten minutes ago. The film for . The film since 7. My father bought a new car two years ago. My father _ _ a new car _ two years. My father _ _ a new car _ two years ago.8.Tom borrowed this book four days ago. Tom _ _ this book _ four days. Tom _ _ this book _ four days ago.9. Jim joined the League last yeas. Jim _ _ a League member _ a year. Jim _ _ _ the League _ last year.10. They came to China ten years ago. They _ _ _ China _ ten years. They _ _ _ China _ ten years ago.11. My son fell asleep half an hour ago. My son _ _ _ for _ _ _. My son _ _ _ since _ _ _ _. 1 has been in since has been in forIts since has passed since2 has been away from sincehas been away from for3 has been open for has been open4 has been dead five years ago has been dead for Its since has passed since5 has been in since has been in for6 has been on ten minutes has been on ten minutes ago7 has