八年级上册短语语法.doc

八年级上册短语语法Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?短语：go on vacation stay at home go to the mountainsgo to the beach visit museums go to summer campquite a few study for go out most of the timetaste good have a good time of course feel likego shopping in the past walk around too manybecause of one bowl of find out go on take photossomething important up and down come up语法：Where did you go on vacation?I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone?No,No one was here.Everyone was on vacation.Did you buy anything special?Yes,I bought something for my father.How was the food?Everything tasted really good.Did everyone have a good time?Oh，yes.Everything was excellent.惯用法：1.buy sth for ab./buy sb.sth为某人买某物2.taste+adj.尝起来3.nothing.but+V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有4.seem+(to be)+adj看起来5.arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方到达某地6.decide to do sth.决定做某事7.try doing sth.尝试做某事/try to do sth.尽力做某事8.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事9.want to do sth.想去做某事10.start doing sth.开始做某事11.stop doing sth.停止做某事12.look+adj看起来13.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事14.Why not do sth.为什么不做.呢？15.so+adj+that+从句如此以至于16.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事17.keep doing sth.继续做某事18.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth忘记做过某事词语辨析：1. anywhere与somewhere两者都是不定副词。2. anywhere在任何地方常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem+形容词看起来.You seem happy today.seem+to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a coldI seems/seemed+从句看起来好像；似乎.It seems that no one believe you.seem like.好像，似乎.It seems like a god idea.3.decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.decide+疑问词+动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4.start doing sth=start to do sth.开始，可与begin互换。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用begin.1)创办，开办：He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动：I cant start my car.3)出发，动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5.over介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）=more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under相反。There is a map over the blackboard.超过：I hear the news over the radio.遍及：I want to travel all over the world.6.too many太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much.much too太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much,much too,用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。too many要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短语：help with housework go shopping on weekendshow often hardly ever once a week twice a monthgo to the movies every day use the Internet be freehave dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennisstay up late at least go to bed early play sportsbe good for go camping in ones free time not.at allthe most popular such as go to the dentist more thanold habits the hard less than语法要点：What do you usually do on weekends?I always exercise.What do they do on weekends?They often help with housework.What does she do on weekends?She sometimes goes shopping.How often do you go to the movies?I go to the movies maybe once a month.How often does he watch TV?He hardly ever watches TV.Do you go shopping?No,I never go shopping.惯用法：1.help sb.with sth帮助某人做某事2.How about?.怎么样？/.好不好？3.want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事4.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句.有多少.5.主语+find+that从句发现6.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是.的7.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光8.ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事9.by doing sth.通过做某事10.Whats your favorite.?你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth.开始做某事12.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式词语辨析：1. how often多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once,twice,threetimes等词语。How often do you play sports?Three times a week.how long多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?how for多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park?It s about 2 kilometers.2. free空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy.be free有空，闲着，相当于have time.Ill be free next week.=Ill have time next week.还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth.自由地做某事。The tickets are free.Yourefree to go or to stay.3.Howcome？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why,但how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party?=Why didnt Tom come to the party?4.stay up late指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Dont stay up late next time.stay up指“熬夜，不睡觉”。He stayed up all night to write his story.5. go to bed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。6. I went to bed at eleven lastnight.go to sleep强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6.find+宾语+名词,发现：We have found him(to be)a good boy.find+宾语+形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.find+宾语+现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.7.percent百分数，基数词+percent：percent没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.8.morethan超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：lessthan.IlivedinShanghaiformorethan/overtenyears.9.afraid形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time.be afraid of sb/sth害怕某人/某事；be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid+从句，恐怕，担心：Im afraid I have to go now.10.sometimes,sometime,some times,some time的区别：sometimes频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do you get up?sometime副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.-When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story?sometime名词短语，一段时间.表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用How long.Ill stay here for some time.-How long will you stay here?Unit 2 Exercise补充练习：一、补全对话A.What do Tom and Mike_do on weekends?B:They sometimes go to the museum.A:_do they go to the shopping center?B:_ever.Maybe about twice a month.A:_do they watch TV?B:Mike never watch TV,but Tom watches TV_day.A:Oh,Im just like Tom.I_watch TV,too.二、汉译英1.我经常帮他学英语。（helpwith）2.这个故事我读了好几遍了。（have read.some times）中学英语网WWW.ORF.CC全力打造一流中学英语资源网站！构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthestUnit 4 Whats the best movie theater句型：1.It has the biggest screens.2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far?到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4.Thanks forget telling me.5.Can I ask you some questions?短语：so far到目前为止，迄今为止no problem没什么，别客气have.in common有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同be up to是.的职责all kinds of.各种各样的play a role发挥作用，有影响make up编造（故事、谎言等）for example例如take.seriously认真对待not everybody并不是每个人close to离.近more and more越来越常用法：中学英语网WWW.ORF.CC全力打造一流中学英语资源网站！Can I ask you some.How do you like.你认为怎么样Thanks fpr doing sth.What do you think of.much+形容词或副词比较级.得多watch sb do sth观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事的作用one of+可数名词复数.之一语法：Whats the best movie theater to go to?Town Cinema.Its the closest tohome.And you can buy ticketsthe most quickly there?Which is the worst clothes store in town?Dream Clothes.Its worse than BlueMoon.It has the worst service.What do you think of 970 AM?I think 970 AM is pretty bad.It hasworst music.对话：Greg:Hi,Im Greg.Im new in town.Helen:Hi,Im Helen.Welcome to the neighborhood!How do you like it so far?Greg:Its fantastic,but I still dont really know my way around.Helen:Well,the best supermarket is on Center Street.You can buy the freshest food there.Greg:Oh,great.Is there a cinema around here?I have watching movies.Helen:Yes,Sun Cinema is the newest one.You can sit the most comfortably because theyhave the biggest seats.Greg:Thanks for telling me.Helen:No problem.练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1.We went to the_(bad)restaurant in town last night.The menu had only10dishes and the service was not good at all.2.Blue Moon is_(good),but Milers is_(good)in town.3.The Big Screen is_(expensive)than most cinemas,but Cinema Cityis_(expensive).4.Movie City has the_(bad)service,but we can sit the_(comfortably)there.5.Johnny Dep acted the_(good)in that movie.Hes much_(good)than other actors at finding the_(interesting)role.阅读短文回答问题。Whos Got Talent?Everyone is good at something,but some people are talented.Its always interesting towatch other people show their talents.Talent shows are getting more and more popular.First,there were shows like American Idol and Americans Got Talent.Now,there aresimilar shows around the world,such as Chinas Got Talent.All these shows have one thing in common:They try to look for the best singers,the中学英语网WWW.ORF.CC全力打造一流中学英语资源网站！most talented dancers,the most exciting magicians,the funniest actors and so on.Allkinds of people join these shows.But who can play the piano the best or sing the mostbeautifully?Thats up to you to decide.When people watch the show,they usually play arole in deciding the winner.And the winner always gets a very good prize.However,noteverybody enjoys watching these shows.Some think that the lives of the performers aremade up.For example,some people say they are poor farmers,but in fact they are justactors.However,if you dont take these shows too seriously,they are fun to watch.Andone great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.1.What do talent shows have in common?2.Who decides the winner?3.Why do some people not like these shows?4.Why do some people like these shows?5.What do you think of these shows?用所给词的最高级填空。goodcheappopularcomfortablybad1.Dumpling House is_restaurant in the city.You can get a big plate ofdumplings for only five yuan.2.Spring Park is_place in the city on weekends.Many families gothere with their young children.Lots of old people like to take walks there,too.3.You can rest_at Flower Hotel.Their rooms are clean and big.4.109.9 FM plays_music.The songs are always boring and too loud.5.PEPigh School is_in this town.They have big classrooms,fantastic teachers and an excellent sports center.阅读信息然后在下面的句子中改错。A movie ticket at Town Cinema is$12.00.It is$10.50 at Screen City,and$10.00 at MovieWorld.Screen City is always very crowded.Many people go to Movie World,too.But you canalways geta ticket at Town Cinema.The seats at Movie World are very comfortable.The seats at Screen City are a little hard.The Town Cinema seats are very uncomfortable.1.Movie World is the most expensive.2.Screen City has the cheapest tickets.3.Town cinema is more popular than Screen City.4.Movie World is the most popular.5.Town Cinema has the most comfortable seatsUnite 5 Do you want to a game show?短语：find outbe ready todress uptake sb.placedo a good jobthink ofgame showlearn fromtalk showsoap operago onwatch a movieone of.watch a movietry ones best中学英语网WWW.ORF.CC全力打造一流中学英语资源网站！Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?短语：go on vacationstay at homego to the mountainsgo to the beachvisit museumsgo to summer campquite a fewstudy forgo outmost of the timetaste goodhave a good timeof coursefeel likego shoppingin the pastwalk aroundtoo manybecause ofone bowl offind outgo ontake photossomething importantup and downcome up语法：Where did you go on vacation?I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone?No,No one was here.Everyone was onvacation.Did you buy anything special?Yes,I bought something for my father.How was the food?Everything tasted really good.Did everyone have a good time?Oh，yes.Everything was excellent.惯用法：1.buy sth for ab./buy sb.sth为某人买某物2.taste+adj.尝起来3.nothing.but+V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有4.seem+(to be)+adj看起来5.arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方到达某地6.decide to do sth.决定做某事7.try doing sth.尝试做某事/try to do sth.尽力做某事8.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事9.want to do sth.想去做某事10.start doing sth.开始做某事11.stop doing sth.停止做某事12.look+adj看起来13.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事14.Why not do sth.为什么不做.呢？15.so+adj+that+从句如此以至于16.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事17.keep doing sth.继续做某事18.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth忘记做过某事词语辨析：1.anywhere与somewhere两者都是不定副词。初二全科目课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语物理历史中学英语网WWW.ORF.CC全力打造一流中学英语资源网站！anywhere在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2.seem+形容词看起来.You seem happy today.seem+to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a coldI seems/seemed+从句看起来好像；似乎.It seems that no one believe you.seem like.好像，似乎.It seems like a god idea.3.decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.decide+疑问词+动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始，可与begin互换。Hestarteddoinghishomework.但以下几种情况不能用begin.1)创办，开办：He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动：I cant start my car.3)出发，动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5.over介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）=more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under相反。There is a map over the blackboard.超过：I hear the news over the radio.遍及：I want to travel all over the world.6.too many太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much.much too太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much,much too,用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。too many要