ecit化学工程与工艺专业英语试题.doc

1-5 BACCD 6-10 DBDDD 11-15 CCBCDI.Choose the Best item to fill in the blanks.1. Modern chemical industry began around B .A.1860 B. 1800 C.1790 D.18562. A made the Haber process for ammonia industrialized.A.Carl Busch B.Fritz Haber C.Willim Henry Perkin D.Calvin3. C is not included in the types of Industrial Research and Development.A. product development B.process development C.manufacturing improvement D.application development4. C kinds of chemical compounds are now known.A.nine million B.one million C.ten million D.a hundred million5.The main constituents of plants are D .A.oxygen B.water C.carbon D.carbonhydrates6.Organic chemicals mainly come from oil,natural gas,and D .A.metal B air C water D coal7. B of all organic chemical is obtained from crude oil and natural gas.A 80% B 99% C 70% D 79%8. D is not categorized as high-volume sectors.A sulphuric acid B chlor-alkali C polythene D carbondioxide9. D sector provides the key intermediates to building block.A chlor-alkali products B dyestuffs C pharmaceuticals D petrochemicals10.Of all soda-ash, 50% is sold to the D industy.A building B paper-making C transportation D glass making11. C is the chemical that is produced in the largest tonnage.A carbon B oxygen C sulphuric acid D ammonia 12. C makes up three quarters of the air we breathe.A hydrogen B oxygen C dinitrogen D nitrogen13. Almost all explosives are ultimately derive from B .A urea B nitric acid C sulphuric acid D ammonia14.The most significant constituents of petroleum are C .A nitrogen B sulfur C hydrocarbons D oxygen15. D showed that thermodynamically the reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen is feasible.A Friz Haber B Nernst C Bosch D MittaschII. Answer the following questions according to the texts.1. What is the definition of the chemistry industry? A:The chemical industry today is a very diverse sector of manufacturing industry, within which it plays a central role. It makes thousands of different chemicals which the general public only usually encounter as end or consumer products.今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。B:At the turn of the century there would have been little difficulty in defining what constituted the chemical industry since only a very limited range of products was manufactured and these were clearly chemicals,在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品C:It is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry.因此，很明显，由于化学工业经营的种类很多并在很多领域与其它工业有密切的联系，所以不能对它下一个简单的定义。2. What are the types of Research and Development that is most concern to the chemical industry? Page16(i) product development (ii) process development (iii) process improvement and applications development 3. What are the basic components of a typical chemical process? Page22 Raw material storage Feed preparation Reaction Product separation product purification Product storage Saless4. Can you describe some of the typical activities of the chemical engneer? Page25 The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money-making, commercial-scale chemical processes.化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。To commercialize the laboratory chemistry, the chemical engineer is involved in development, design, construction, operation, sales, and research.要把实验室研究商业化，化学工程师要参与进行开发、设计、建筑、操作、销售和研究工作。5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation methods? Page39 Advantages: they are very selective and that some chemical which are structurally very complex ,and therefore extremely difficult to synthesize ,and require a multi-stage synthesis ,are easily made .Disadvantages: 6. where is the major cost item in industrial chemical processes spent?page45 separation and purification of product is a major cost item in industry chemical process .7. what is the original purpose of basic chemical industry?page51 the job of the basic chemical industry is to find economical ways of turning raw materials into useful intermedieates .8. can you write down the equation of the basic reactions of brine electrolysis ? page60 Anode 2Cl- 2e- Cl2 Cathode 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OH-III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. It is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry.因此很显然，由于其操作的多样性及与其他诸多领域的紧密联系，化学工业很难得到一个简单的定义。2. The terminology used to labe these functions is by no means uniform from company to company, but a rose by any other name is still a rose.用来描述这些功能的术语在各个公司不尽相同，但其实质是相同的，不过是旧瓶装新酒罢了。3. The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money-making,commercial-scale chemical processes.传统意义上化学工程师的角色只是把化学家们在实验室里的发现拓展研发为可以赚钱的，商业规模的化学流程。4. Crushing and grinding of the solids followed by sieving may achieve some physical separation because of differing particle size.由于颗粒大小不同，经过碾压磨碎后的固体可通过过滤实现物理分离。5. this situation means that companies must always be on their toes looking for new and more economical ways of making and transforming their raw materials.在这种情势下，公司必须花费更多心思去寻找新的、更经济的方法来制造和转换他们的原材料acid rain酸雨 sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮 mono