名词性从句讲解.docx

名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）第九讲名词性从句.完成句子1(2013湖北部分重点中学高三下学期联考)_the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once encourages the adults who cannot swim.(cover)有些孩子能够一口气游完游泳池全长，这对于不会游泳的大人来说是种鼓舞。答案：That some children can (could) cover2(2013武汉名校二模)_in the MV is PSYs unique dance moves，funny horse riding scenes and dancing in a towel.(eye)歌曲MV里最吸引眼球的是PSY独特的舞步，搞笑的骑马片段和用毛巾当道具的舞蹈。答案：What has caught/catches the eyes most3(2013湖北荆州质量检测)_was that the little boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his foot.(amaze)最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。答案：What amazed me most4(2013湖北武汉市2月调研)Stop dreaming of getting_and get down to your work.(belong)不要幻想得到不属于你的东西，开始干活吧。答案：what doesnt belong to you5(2013湖北八校第二次联考)_as men has been proved by a study.(word)女性用的词汇是男性的两倍，这已经得到了一个研究的证实。答案：That women use twice as many words/Womens using twice as many words6(2013湖北省孝感市第一次统考)To be honest，I doubt_.(succeed)说实在的，我怀疑他是否会成功。答案：whether/if he will succeed7(2013湖北省武汉市名校第二次联考)Before setting out for our camping trip，we must make sure_in store.(plenty)出发之前我们得确保储备了足够的水和食物。答案：that we have plenty of food and water8(2013湖北三所名校高三下学期调研)After much effort，I eventually persuaded him to take my advice_immediately.(operate)经过一番努力，我终于说服他听取我的意见，马上做手术。答案：that he (should) be operated on9(2013武汉市四月调研)After Pauls fourth error，word came_in no time.(fire)在保罗犯了第四个错误之后，有消息说他马上要被炒鱿鱼了。答案：that he would be fired10(2013华师大附中5月适应性考试)A growing number of people express a strong desire_another job to get more money to support their family.(take)越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。答案：that they (should) take (up)/to take (up)11(2013湖北八校第二次联考)You can hardly imagine_he has made in such a short time！(progress)你简直难以想象他在这么短的时间内取得了多么大的进步！答案：what great progress12(2013湖北省孝感市第一次统考)You should have explained to us_.(come)你最好给我们解释下，这种情况是怎样出现的。答案：how this situation/thing/matter came about13(2013湖北省孝感市第一次统考)_was that I found my house broken into when I got back.(surprise)令我惊讶的是，回去的时候我发现自己的房子被人闯入了。答案：What surprised me/What made me surprised14(2013武汉市武昌区5月调研)_most in the Harry Porter series is not only the fantastic plot but also the charming characters in the story.(attract)哈里波特丛书最吸引孩子们的不仅是奇特的故事情节，还有故事里吸引人的各色人物。答案：What attracts/attracted (the) children15(2013武汉市5月模拟)After returning from Japan，he was often asked the question_.(survive)从日本回国后，他经常被问到他是如何在地震中逃生的问题。答案：(of) how he survived the earthquake16(2013武汉市5月模拟)Dad has giv