形容词变副词的规则.doc

形容词变副词的规则： 1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick-quickly,wise-wisely,polite-politely,nice-nicely ,glad-gladly,形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀： 一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully dull-dully 分别举例如下： quickquickly, truetruly, happyhappily, possiblepossibly. Full-fully另外： 一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly 二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,如果读/i/要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily ,happy-happily, hungry-hungrily ， 如果读/ai/就直接加ly 如 shy-shyly dry-dryly sly-slyly三、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e如le结尾先去掉e,然后再加-y和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,-ly。如元音字母加ly时直接加ly如sole-solely如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; simple, terrible, incredible, probable,gentle-gently 另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.) 此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly。 例句: It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。 需注意: friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。 再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thank you very much. (adv.) 多谢。There is much water in the river. (adj.) 河里有很多水。The music is too loud. Please turn it down. (adj.) 音乐声太大,请调低点。He speaks loud enough. So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.) 他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。 另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English. 他讲一口流利的英语。He speaks english well. 现在分词：现在分词是由动词原形加词尾ing构成，这是规则的现在分词构成。如workworking。但在下列情况下，拼写应作相应的变化：1，以不发音的e结尾的动词，须去掉e再加ing，如comecoming，writewriting。但当将e去掉会引起发音变化时，最后的e就应保留，如agreeagreeing，seeseeing。另外，e为元音时，e应保留，如canoecanoeing。2，动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，再加ing，如sitsitting，runrunning；beginbeginning，fogetfogetting。3，少数几个以ie结尾的单音节动词，须变ie为y，再加ing，如diedying，tietying，lielying。 动词的过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由动词原形加ed构成，如workworked。在以e结尾 的动词后加d，如hopehoped，agreeagreed。在以辅音字母y结尾的动词后先将y变为i后再加ed，如carrycarried，studystudied。以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母式，须双写这个辅音字母再加ed，如clapclapped，planplanned，admitadmitted。少数双音节动词，尽管重音在第一个音节，仍双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加ed（现在分词亦如此）。如 traveltravelled，programprogrammed。 英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加构成，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。 不规则动词表A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 overcome overcame overcome征服，打败，克服4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3) pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 (4)bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 战斗think thought thought 想 (5)sleep slept slept 睡 feel felt felt 觉得 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 (6)stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 (7)win won won 得胜 (8)catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 (9)find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 shoot shot shot 射击 dig dug dug 挖 (10)shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光（11)tell told told 告诉 sell sold sold 卖 (12)sit sat sat 坐 have had had 有5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 begin began begun 开始 ring ran