大学英语综合教程3unit5.doc

英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesSection One Pre-reading Activities2I. Audiovisual Supplement2II. Cultural Background3Section Two Global Reading4I. Text Analysis / Main Idea4II. Structural Analysis4Section Three Detailed Reading4I.Text 14II. Questions6III. Words and Expressions7IV. Sentences10Section Four Consolidation Activities10I. Vocabulary10II. Grammar13III. Translation16IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills17V. Oral Activities18VI. Writing19Section Five Further Enhancement21I. A Lead-in Question21II. Text 221III. Memorable Quotes23Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual SupplementWatch the video clip and answer the following questions.（注意制作的时候录像片段从第21秒开始播放到歌曲唱完就结束）Script:I say Im 10 when Im 9 and a halfMy uncle tells a joke and I try to laughIn gym I fake a headache when I want to quitI say I love the sweater that my grandma knitBut thats a white lieWhite lieThats the kind you want to tell, a white lieWhite lieSo youre mom wont have to yell, a white lieWhite lieEverybody does it cause it feels all rightAnd its more politeBut a lies still a lie, even when its whiteI pretend Im asleep when my dad walks inI said I ate my chicken but I just ate the skinYour face can say youre lyingWhen your mouth says youre notYour peds are on fire but theyre not too hotWhen its a white lieWhite lieIts the kind you want to tell, a white lieWhite lieSo your dad wont have to yell, a white lieWhite lieEverybody does it cause it feels all rightAnd its more polite, but a lies still a lieEven when its whiteWhile it might be hard to say whats trueWould you want a white lie told to you?But thats a white lieWhite lieThats the kind you want to tell, a white lieWhite lieSo youre mom wont have to yell, a white lieWhite lieEverybody does it cause it feels all rightAnd its more politeBut a lies still a lieEven when its whiteQuestions:1. Why do people tell white lies?Because theyre white and more polite and make people feel all right. 2. What are the common white lies?I say Im 10 when Im 9 and a half; I pretend Im asleep when my dad walks in, etc.II. Cultural Background（粗体的部门注意在ppt中要保持粗体）1. A white lie is one that lacks evil intent, as opposed to a black lie, which is most certainly malevolent, though normally we dont bother to specify that lies are evil. A white lie is harmless or trivial, which is frequently said in order to avoid hurting someones feelings. 2. Behavioral scientist Wendy Gamble identified four basic types of lies for a University of Arizona study in 2000:Prosocial:Lying to protect someone, to benefit or help others.Self-enhancement: Lying to save face, to avoid embarrassment, disapproval or punishment.Selfish: Lying to protect the self at the expense of another, and/or to conceal a misdeed.Antisocial: Lying to hurt someone else intentionally.Section Two Global ReadingI. Text Analysis / Main IdeaThis is a piece of persuasive writing. It is of journalistic style. In this text, the author asserts the ubiquitous presence of petty white lies, analyzes its causes, discusses its grave consequences, and concludes that some lies are justifiable, while others are to be avoided.II. Structural AnalysisThe author begins with the results of two surveys. Then he comments on the consequences of telling lies. In the end, he discusses which lies should be avoided.Part I (Paras. 1-6) introduces the topic by reporting two survey results.Part II (Paras. 7-11) shows that people often tell white lies so as not to hurt others.Part III (Paras. 12-15) deals with the consequences of telling lies.Part IV (Paras. 16-18) discusses whether lies should be avoided at all costs.Section Three Detailed ReadingI. Text 1The Real Truth about LiesRandy Fitzgerald1 At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told.2 One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1535.3 The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relatives opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the others feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.4 Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them “little preoccupation or regret.” Might that, too, be a lie? Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common.5 For example, 20,000 middle and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California, devoted to character education. Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and 73 per cent characterized themselves as “serial liars,” meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 per cent of all respondents said they were “satisfied with my own ethics and character.”6 Think how often we hear the expressions “Ill call you” or “The check is in the mail” or “Im sorry, but he stepped out.” And then there are professions lawyers, pundits, public relations consultants whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients needs.7 Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a corporate executive whom Ill call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-laws home for a holiday dinner every year. Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings.8 “Whats wrong with that?” Tom asked Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. Its a question we might all ask.9 Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-laws point of view. Suppose that one day Toms child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, “Thank you for caring so much?” Or is she more likely to feel hurt and say, “How could you have misled me all these years? And what else have you lied to me about? “10 And what might Toms mother-in-law now suspect about her own daughter? And will Toms boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character?11 How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we dont really mean it? Surely, these “nice lies” are harmless and well intended, a necessary social lubricant. But, like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scott, who wrote, “What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.”12 Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. After the first lies, others can come more easily,” she wrote in her book Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp.” （斜体的部分注意在ppt中保持斜体）13 Take the pumpkin-pie lies. In the first place, it wasnt just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or not, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.14 Who believes it anymore when theyre told that the person they want to reach by phone is “in a meeting”? By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.15 Once theyve become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. “When trust is damaged,” warns Bok, “the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse.”16 Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? Not necessarily. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring, “like telling children about the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party,” Josephson says. “Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good.”17 Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined?18 And if youre not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. “When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.”II. Questions1. What is the result of Professor Bella DePaulos survey? What conclusion can we draw from the result? (Paragraphs 1-2)According to the survey done by Professor DePaulo, 140 out of 147 people admitted having told lies. As some of the lies are well-intentioned, people may not regard them as lies. This result shows that telling lies is common. 2. What is the result of the survey conducted by Josephson Institute of Ethics? What can we learn from it? (Paragraph 5)According to this survey, among 20,000 students surveyed, 92 percent professed to have told lies and meanwhile, 91 percent never doubted about their own ethics or character. Again, this result shows that telling lies is common and people seldom relate telling lies to morality. 3. According to the writer, what could be considered “nice lies”? (Paragraph 11)According to the writer, all these could be considered “nice lies”: complimenting people on their appearance, expressing appreciation for gifts or food. 4. What is the grave consequence of telling lies? (Paragraph 15)The ubiquitousness of lies may cause people to be distrustful of each other, thus leading to the collapse of the whole society.Class Activity （该部分放在课文第11段的页面中）Group discussion: What does this sentence “What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive” mean? Can you give an example to illustrate its meaning?III. Words and Expressionsprofess v. e.g. James professed to know everything about sculpture.He professed the greatest respect for the law.Practice: （制作的时候中文先出现，然后设置按钮，点击以后出现英文翻译）她自称对此事一无所知。 She professed total ignorance of the matter. 他声称对该阴谋毫不知情。He professed that he knew nothing about the plot. earth-shattering a. e.g. After years of hard work, they finally made an earth-shattering discovery.The new invention is of earth-shattering importance.feign v. pretend to have or be, put on a false air ofe.g. She feigned to be ill in order not to do the exercises.He feigned surprise and they all believed him.Collocations:feign interest / surprise / ignorance / illness (formal) pretend that you are interested, surprised, etc.e.g. “Oh really!” he said, trying to feign interest.Sometimes its best just to feign ignorance (=pretend that you do not know anything).Synonym:pretend v. deliberately behave as though something is true when you know it is not, either for fun or to deceive people e.g. Mark closed his eyes and pretended to be asleep. She shouted but he pretended that he hadnt heard her.spare ones feelings avoid doing sth. that would upset sb.e.g. He simply wished to minimize the fuss and to spare her feelings.We carefully avoided mentioning the news to spare his feelings.preoccupation n. a strong interest in sth., usually because you are worried about it, with the result that you do not pay attention to other thingse.g. Because of his preoccupation with his books, he didnt realize we were already back.Such preoccupation with your work isnt healthy.prevarication n.the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decisione.g. After months of prevarication, a decision was finally made.When we questioned the authorities on the subject, we were met by prevarication. devote togive all or a large part of ones time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause)e.g. I want to devote more time to my family.He devotes himself to philanthropy. profession n. a form of employment, esp. one that is possible only for an educated person and that is respected in society as honorablee.g. She intends to make teaching her profession.According to the report, forty percent of the lawyers entering the profession are women.pundit n. a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expert e.g. Mr. Johnson is a well-known political pundit.Weve invited a foreign-policy pundit to give us a lecture.shape or spin the truth modify the truthclient n. sb. who pays for services or advice from a person or an organizatione.g. a solicitor and his clientParagraphs 7-11ubiquitous a. seeming to be everywheree.g. By the end of last century, the computer had become ubiquitous. We are now confronted with the ubiquitous spread of English. fib n. a small unimportant liee.g. Have you ever told fibs?She told innocent fibs like anyone else. invariably ad. always e.g. Its invariably wet when I take my holidays. She invariably forgets to take her keys.blurt out v. say sth. suddenly and without thinking, usually because one is nervous or excited e.g. To our surprise, he blurted his secret out at table. John blurted out that he dreamed of becoming a computer programmer.lubricant n. a substance such as oil that one puts on surfaces that rub togethere.g. That all-important task acts as a social lubricant, minimizing frictions.tangled plicated or made up of many confusing partse.g. After listening to his speech I thought his ideas and opinions were so tangled that I could not vote for him.The floor of the forest was covered with tangled growth.Paragraphs 12-15wear down reduce or become weaker until uselesse.g. My shoes have worn down at the heel. Your back tyres are badly worn down; you should fit new ones. warp v. bend or twist and to be no longer in the correct shapee.g. Left in the garage where it was damp, the wooden frame had warped. The door must be warped. It wont close properly.think highly of have a good opinion of e.g. We think highly of your suggestion. I can assure you, the management thinks very highly of liferation n. a rapid increase in the amount or number of sth.e.g. Smoking triggers off cell proliferation. Over the past two years, we have witnessed the proliferation of TV channels.cynicism n. the belief that people always act selfishlyParagraphs 16-18associate n. sb. who you work or do business withe.g. He is not a friend, but a business associate. Georges party was boring it was full of his business associates.undermine v. gradually make sb. or sth. less strong or effectivee.g. She jealously tried to undermine our friendship. Lack of food has undermined his health.rule of thumb a rough method of calculation, based on practical experiencee.g. I never weigh anything when Im cooking just do it by rule of thumb. As a rule of thumb, a cup of filter coffee contains about 89mg caffeine. astound v. make sb. very surprised or shocked e.g. It astounds me that anyone could every consider declaring war. He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance.IV. Sentences 1. Might that, too, be a lie? (Paragraph 4) （注意斜体的部分在ppt中保持斜体）Is it possible to consider that a lie?Might here means “possibility”. Note that may, when used to mean “possibility”, is normally not used in a question. 2. What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive. (Paragraph 11) Paraphrase:When we start to tell a lie, we would have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.3. Psychological barriers wear down: the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp. (Paragraph 12)Paraphrase:One is less inhibited from lying: his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.4. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring. (Paragraph 16)Paraphrase:The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesI. Vocabulary1. Word Derivation1) ethic n. ethical a. unethical a.伦理学是哲学的分科。Ethics is a branch of philosophy.他的行为不太道德。His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.2) feign v. feigned a. 有些动物遇到危险时便装死。Some animals feign death when in danger.他大发雷霆，不知是真的还是假的。He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.3) spare v. sparing a. unsparing a. unsparingly ad.他们把男人都杀了，但放过了孩子。They killed the men but spared the children. 尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟。Nijinsky was unsparing in his demands for perfection.他强迫自