BEC高级第2讲Company_structure.doc

BEC高级精讲班第2讲讲义 学习重点和Homeworkreview学习重点 1Homeworkreview 2Vocabularystudy-business,experience;data,criteria 3Typesofcompanystructure 4Flexibleworking 5Oralpractice-careerambitions,youridealkindofemployer 6Businesspassagereading 7Homework I.Homeworkreview Date:November15,2003 Reporton:thenecessityofanadditionalreceptionistfortheOverseasTravelDepartment Introduction ThisreportssetsouttoassessthenecessitytorecruitanewreceptionistfortheOverseasTraveldepartment. Reasonsoftherecruitment Moreandmorepeopleareinterestedintravellingabroadandourdepartment,whichdealswithalloverseastravel,isgettinganincreaseofabout5%additionalenquirieseveryday. Thecustomersfirstpointofcontactwithusiswithourreceptionists,eitherbytelephoneorface-to-face,andourpresentreceptionist,thoughaveryconscientiousworker,simplycannotkeepupwiththecontinualincreaseinenquiries. Duties Webadlyneedanadditionalreceptionist,tosharetheworkoftheexistingreceptionist,dealingwithenquiriesbytelephone,faxande-mailaswellasgreetingclientswhocallinpersonanddirectingthemtotheappropriateTravelAdvisorsinourdepartment. Tworeceptionistswillmeanthattherewillbeminimumdelayindealingwithcustomers.Weshallalsobeabletokeepourreceptiondeskopenthroughouttheday,insteadofhavingtocloseitforlunchasatpresent.Manycustomersarefreeonlyatlunchtimeandourreceptionistscanhavestaggeringlunchbreaks. Thecostofemployinganadditionalreceptionistwillbemorethancoveredbytheadditionalbusinesswewillbeabletoattractandhandle. Qualities TheadditionalreceptionistshouldbefluentinPutonghuaandEnglishandagoodknowledgeofJapanesewouldbeanadvantage. Thenewreceptionistshouldbeverywell-presentedandabletohandleawidevarietyofactualandpotentialclientsinafriendlyway.She/Heshouldbeabletoworkwellwithcolleaguesandshouldbefullycomputer-literate.Patience,empathyandunderstandingofindividualneedsarefurtheressentialqualities. Recommendation Itisrecommended,therefore,anewlyappointedreceptionistisbadlyneededtohandlethelargeincreaseofenquiriesandassureusofourexpansionplansinoverseasmarkets. WangLi HeadofoverseasTravelDepartment Newwordsinthereport conscientiousadjectivecarefultodoeverythingthatitisyourjobordutytodo有责任心的 Aconscientiousteachermayfeelinclinedtotakeworkhome. aconscientiousandhard-workingstudent conscientiouslyadverb conscientiousnessnoununcountable hisconscientiousnessandloyaltytothecompany他的责任心和对公司的忠诚 staggeringadjectiveextremelygreatorsurprising杰出的，令人惊讶的 synonymamazing Thecostwasastaggering$10million.价格贵得惊人，高达1000万美元。 Thefinancialimpactonthetownwasstaggering.对这座城镇的财政影响非常大。 staggeringlyadverb astaggeringlybeautifullandscape美不胜收的景色 empathynoununcountable theabilitytounderstandotherpeoplesfeelingsandproblems理解力，同情心 empathywith/for Shehadgreatempathywithpeople.她对人民很有同情心。 empatheticalsoempathicadjective VocabularyStudyII. Vocabulary Study不是所有的名词都只是一种类型的名词，即可数名词或是不可数名词。其实，还有大量的名词兼顾两种分类，但意思并不相同。这次课只举两个例子，今后的会学更多有类似用法的词汇。business nounBUYING OR SELLING GOODS OR SERVICESuncountable the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods, or providing services 生意We do business with a number of Italian companies.set up/start up in business business activities/interests etc COMPANYcountable an organization such as a company, shop, or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service 公司She now has her own $25 million home-shopping business.They dont know how to run a business.WHAT SOMEONE SHOULD BE INVOLVED INuncountableif something is not your business or none of your business, you should not be involved in it or ask about it 事情Its none of your business how much I weigh. experience nounKNOWLEDGE/SKILLuncountable knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this 经验He had no previous experience of managing a farm.KNOWLEDGE OF LIFEuncountable knowledge that you gain about life and the world by being in different situations and meeting different people, or the process of gaining thisin somebodys experienceIn his experience, women did not like getting their feet wet and muddy.SOMETHING THAT HAPPENScountable something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or think 经历childhood experiences名词除了有可数和不可数之分外，英语学习者还必须了解它们的词形，是单数还是复数。staff nounWORKERSC also + plural verb British English the people who work for an organizationThey employ a total of 150 staff.The staff were very helpful. staff of 10/50 etc Our department has a staff of seven. medical/academic/library etc staff a strike by ambulance staffone of our longest-serving staff members member of staff British English Id like to welcome a new member of staff.data noun plural,uncountable1 information or facts信息或事实The research involves collecting data from two random samples. 该研究包括从两个随机的样本中收集数据。data ondata on pesticide use 杀虫剂使用的信息experimental/historical/statistical etc data 试验/历史/统计信息detailed research data 详细的研究信息2 information in a form that can be stored and used, especially on a computer 数据Its possible to store a lot more data on a DVD. 用DVD可以存储更多的数据。data storage/transfer/retrieval 数据存储/转录/撤出criterion noun plural criteria countable usually plurala standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something标准the criteria we use to select candidates 我们选择应征者的标准criterion forthe criteria for measuring how good schools are 评判学校是否优秀的标准Academic ability is not the sole criterion for admission to the college. 学术能力并不是大学入学的唯一标准。a set of criteria for identifying people who are genuinely ill and unable to work meet/satisfy/fulfil criteria 满足要求To qualify for a grant, students must satisfy certain criteria. 为了能够得到资助，学生们必须要满足一定的要求。u 练习1：请翻译我们公司共有10名员工。我们公司又来了一名新员工。大量数据显示.。我们选择雇员的标准是.。参考答案：Our company has 10 staff in total.There is a new member of staff in our company.Extensive data indicate thatThe critieria we recruit employees are . u练习2：请翻译1.我们需要找到一位经验丰富的前台接待。2.他们公司主要经营家用电器。参考答案：1.We need to find a receptionist with rich experienceThe main business activities are electric home appliances.TypesofcompanystructureIII.Typesofcompanystructure 1.Speaking. A.Largeestablishedcompany.层级制金字塔结构，层级制组织机构 Hierarchicalpyramidstructure. well-establishedadjective somethingthatiswell-establishedhasexistedforalongtimeandisrespectedortrustedbypeople历史悠久的 awell-establishedlawfirm一家历史悠久的律师事务所 awell-establishedscientifictheory一个被人们信服的科学理论 long-establishedadj. B.Smallcompany(ownermanager). Flatmanagementstructure.扁平化的管理结构 C.Flexiblecompanywithproject-basedteams.由项目小组构成的灵活公司体系 2.Reading. Timeforthebigsmallcompany 矛盾修辞法：健全而高效的公司体制、大而精干的公司、反应快速的大公司 Newwords marryalsomarryup transitiveformaltocombinetwodifferentideas,designs,tastesetctogether结合 marrysomethingwith/tosomething Thebuildingsdesignmarriesatraditionalstylewithmodernmaterials.这座大楼的设计将传统风格和现代材料结合在一起。 marrysomethingandsomething Hewritesfictionthatmarriesuprealismandthesupernatural.他写的科幻小说将现实主义和超自然主义结合在一起。 authoritynoun pluralauthorities POWERuncountablethepoweryouhavebecauseofyourofficialposition peopleinpositionsofauthority权威 inauthority CouldIspeaktosomeoneinauthority(=whohasapositionofpower)please?我能跟负责的人通话吗？ authorityover Severalcountriesclaimauthorityovertheislands.许多国家都对这些岛屿声明拥有主权。 authoritytodosomething Thecourtheldthatschoolofficialshavetheauthoritytodismissteachers.法庭认为学校官员有权解雇教师。 2theauthorities thepeopleororganizationsthatareinchargeofaparticularcountryorarea官方机构或人员 anagreementbetweentheUSandColumbianauthorities美国和哥伦比亚官方人员签订的协议 ORGANIZATION countableanofficialorganizationoragovernmentdepartmentthathasthepowertomakedecisions,andhasparticularresponsibilities官方机构 thelocalauthority当地部门 Welshhealthauthoritiesfacea13mdeficitthisyear.威尔士的健康部门今年面临着1300万英镑的赤字。 EXPERT countablesomeonewhoknowsalotaboutasubjectandwhoseknowledgeandopinionsaregreatlyrespected权威，专家 authorityon MrLiisaleadingauthorityonChinesefood.李先生是中国食物方面的一流权威。 PERMISSION uncountableandcountableofficialpermissiontodosomething授权 undertheauthorityofsomebody TheattacktookplaceundertheauthorityoftheUNsecuritycouncil.这次袭击行动是在联合国安理会的授权下进行的。 withoutsomebodysauthority Noonemayenterwithoutmyauthority.没有我同意，任何人不准进入。 start-upnouncountableanewsmallcompanyorbusiness,especiallyonewhoseworkinvolvescomputersortheInternet新建公司 anInternetstart-up互联网新建公司 start-upadjectiveonlybeforenounconnectedwithstartinganewbusiness start-upcosts新建公司的成本 responsiveadjective 1reactingquickly,inapositiveway(对)易于或迅速反应的 acarwithhighlyresponsivesteering responsiveto Wetrytoberesponsivetotheneedsofthecustomer.我们试图对顾客的需求做出最迅速的反应。 Herconditionisnotresponsivetodrugtherapy.她目前的状况对药物治疗不会有作用。 2eagertocommunicatewithpeople,andtoreacttotheminapositiveway愿意与人沟通的、交往的 Itriedtogethimtalking,buthewasntveryresponsive.我试图让他开口说话，但是他并不愿意多谈。 responsivelyadverb responsivenessnoununcountable nimbleadj. 1abletomovequicklyandeasilywithlightneatmovements灵活的，敏捷的 synonymagile nimblefingers animbleclimber 2animblemind/brain/wit anabilitytothinkquicklyorunderstandthingseasily聪明的 nimblyadverb nimblenessnoununcountable sizeableadjectivefairlylarge相当大的 sizeableamount/number asizeableamountofmoney sizeableproportion/portion/minority(ofsomething) Part-timestudentsmakeupasizeableproportionofthecollegepopulation.在大学入学生中，半工半读的学生占了相当大的比例。 inherentadjectiveformal aqualitythatisinherentinsomethingisanaturalpartofitandcannotbeseparatedfromit内在的 inherentin Imafraidtheproblemsyoumentionareinherentinthesystem.非常抱歉，你所提及的问题是系统本身就有的。 Everybusinesshasitsowninherentrisks.每个企业都有它自己内在的风险。 inherentlyadverb Firefightingisaninherentlydangerousoccupation.消防工作本身是一项危险的职业。 defineverbtransitive 1todescribesomethingcorrectlyandthoroughly,andtosaywhatstandards,limits,qualitiesetcithasthatmakeitdifferentfromotherthings使明确，使清楚 theabilitytodefineclientsneeds明确客户需要的能力 Thedutiesofthepostaredifficulttodefine.该职位的职责很难明确。 clearly/welldefined清楚地描述 Thetaskswillbeclearlydefinedbythetutor.老师会清楚地说明任务。 definesomethingassomething 70%oftheworkerscanbedefinedaslow-paid.70%的工人是低收入人群。 2toexplainexactlythemeaningofaparticularwordoridea解释 Illnowtrytodefinethetermpopularculture.我试图解释“流行文化”这个术语。 definesomethingassomething definition definableadjective typicaladjective 1havingtheusualfeaturesorqualitiesofaparticulargrouporthing典型的，有代表性的，有象征性的 typicalBritishweather典型的英国天气 typicalof Thispaintingistypicalofhiswork.这幅油画是他的作品中具有代表性的。 Thisadvertisementisatypicalexampleoftheirmarketingstrategy.这个广告是他们市场开发战略的典型案例。 hamperverbtransitive tomakeitdifficultforsomeonetodosomething阻碍，使不能任意行动 Shetriedtorun,butwashamperedbyherheavysuitcase.她试图跑起来，但是由于携带着沉重的手提箱而无法快走。 Anattempttorescuethemenhasbeenhamperedbybadweather.天气不好致使救援这些人的努力受阻。 breakdownphrasalverb 1ifacarormachinebreaksdown,itstopsworking汽车抛锚，出故障 ThecarbrokedownjustnorthofParis. Theprintingmachinesarealwaysbreakingdown. 2tofailorstopworkinginasuccessfulway中断，停止 Negotiationsbrokedownafteronlytwodays. IleftLondonwhenmymarriagebrokedown. 3breaksomethingdown ifyoubreakdownadoor,youhititsohardthatitbreaksandfallstotheground打碎，击碎 Policehadtobreakdownthedoortogetintotheflat. 4breaksomethingdown tochangeorremovesomethingthatpreventspeoplefromworkingtogetherandhavingasuccessfulrelationshipwitheachother打破，改变 Gettingyoungpeopletogetherwillhelptobreakdownthebarriersbetweenthem. Ittakesalongtimetobreakdownprejudices. 5tobeunabletostopyourselfcrying,especiallyinpublic Hebrokedownandcried.Shebrokedownintearswhensheheardthenews. 6breaksomethingdown toseparatesomethingintosmallerpartssothatitiseasiertodoorunderstand细分，分解 Heshowedusthewholedance,thenbrokeitdownsothatwecouldlearnitmoreeasily. Thequestioncanbebrokendownintotwoparts. -breakdownn. criticaladjective CRITICIZINGifyouarecritical,youcriticizesomeoneorsomething批评的 criticalof Manyeconomistsarecriticalofthegovernmentseconomicpolicies.许多经济学家都对政府的经济政策批评态度。 Manyparentsarestronglycriticaloftheschool.许多家长都对这家学校批评不已。 IMPORTANTsomethingthatiscriticalisveryimportantbecausewhathappensinthefuturedependsonit重要的 同义词crucial criticalto Thesetalksarecriticaltothefutureofthepeaceprocess.这些会谈对未来的和平进程至关重要。 Itisabsolutelycriticalforustoknowthetruth.对我们来说了解真相非常重要。 Foreigntradeisofcriticalimportancetotheeconomy.对外贸易对这个国家的经济至关重要。 SERIOUS/WORRYINGacriticaltimeorsituationisseriousandworryingbecausethingsmightsuddenlybecomemuchworse危机的 Thefightinghasstopped,butthesituationisstillcritical.争斗已经平息，但是局势仍然严峻。 changesthattookplaceduringthecriticalperiodattheendofthewar在战争即将结束时，危急阶段发生的变化 ILLsoillthatyoumightdie危重的（疾病） Heisstillinacriticalconditioninhospital.他仍在医院，病情十分危重。 Sheisinintensivecare,wheresheremainscriticalbutstable.她正接受全面的照料，目前她的状况虽然严重但是已经稳定下来。 MAKINGJUDGMENTSmakingcarefuljudgmentsabouthowgoodorbadsomethingis挑剔的，审视的 HisbookprovidesacriticalanalysisofthetelevisionindustryinBritain.他的书就英国的电视产业作了详尽的分析。 amanwithacriticaleye具有批判眼光的人 more/mostimportantly/less/equallyimportantly, accessnoununcountable 1therighttoenteraplace,usesomething,seesomeoneetc进入某地、使用某物或看望某人的权利 accessto Accesstothepapersisrestrictedtoseniormanagement.只有高层管理人员才有权看到这些文件。 Catsshouldalwayshaveaccesstofresh,cleanwater.要经常让猫能够喝到新鲜干净的水。 2howeasyordifficultitisforpeopletoenterapublicbuilding,toreachaplace,ortalktosomeone可接近性 avillawitheasyaccesstothesea一座很容易就到海边的别墅 3thewayyouusetoenterabuildingorreachaplace途径，通道 Accessisbymeansofasmalldoorontheright.入口处在右边的一个小门。 accessto Accesstotherestroomsisthroughthefoyer.去往厕所的路要穿过大堂。 4haveaccesstoacar/acomputeretc tohaveacar,computeretcthatyoucanuse可以使用车或登陆电脑 5gain/getaccess(tosomething) tosucceedinenteringaplaceorinseeingsomeoneorsomething可以进入某地或看到某人 Thepolicemanagedtogainaccessthroughanupstairswindow.警方试图通过楼上的窗户进入。 detailedadjective 1containingorincludingalotofinformationordetails详细的 detaileddescription/account/analysisetc详细的描述/记录/分析 adetailedstudyofcrimeinSeattle针对西雅图犯罪的详细研究 Moredetailedinformationisavailableonrequest.如果有需要，我们会提供更加详细的信息。 real-timeadjectiveonlybeforenoun technicalareal-timecomputersystemdealswithinformationasfastasitreceivesit实时的 areal-timeoperatingsystem实时操作系统 realtimenoununcountable Theimagesarecreatedinrealtime.这些图像是马上创作出来的。 refineverbtransitive 1toimproveamethod,plan,systemetcbygraduallymakingslightchangestoit使精美，使改进 Carmakersareconstantlyrefiningtheirdesigns.汽车制造厂家不断地改进他们的是设计。 2tomakeasubstancepurerusinganindustrialprocess精炼 oilrefining精炼石油 monitorverbtransitive 1tocarefullywatchandcheckasituationinordertoseehowitchangesoveraperiodoftime严密观察，检查 Patientswhoaregiventhenewdrugwillbeaskedtomonitortheirprogress.参与试验新药的病人将被观察他们治疗的进展。 Thegovernmentismonitoringthesituationveryclosely.政府正在密切监控局势。 Thetemperatureiscarefullymonitored.温度被密切监控。 2tosecretlylistentootherpeoplestelephonecalls,foreignradiobroadcastsetc监听 Hesuspectedthathisphonecallswerebeingmonitored.他怀疑与人监听他的电话。 motivateverbtransitive 1tobethereasonwhysomeonedoessomething促使,驱使 同义词drive Wouldyousaythathewasmotivatedsolelybyadesireforpower?你的意思是说他完全只被追逐权利的愿望驱使着吗? motivatesomebodytodosomething Wemayneverknowwhatmotivatedhimtokillhiswife.是什么驱使他杀了他的妻子,我们对此不得而知. 2tomakesomeonewanttoachievesomethingandmakethemwillingtoworkhardinordertodothis激励 Agoodteacherhastobeabletomotivateherstudents.一个好教师应该是有能力激励她的学生. motivatesomebodytodosomething Theprofit-sharingplanisdesignedtomotivatethestafftoworkhard.这个利润分享计划就是要激励员工勤奋地工作。 -motivationn. actforsomebody/actonsomebodysbehalf torepresentsomeone,especiallyinacourtoflaworbydoingbusinessforthem代表 Makin,asolicitor,isactingfortheyoungpeopleintheircaseagainstthecountycouncil.麦金，一位律师，在一个案件中替年轻人