英语情景交际句型转换.docVIP

情景交际、句型转换主讲：梅 琳复习要点阐述 今天我们复习以下的内容：1情景交际2句型转换要点复习的策略及技巧一、情景交际情景交际是一种综合性测试题，考查学生在具体的语言环境中正确运用所学语言知识交流思想，表达观点的能力。符合课标中强调以交际为主的原则，是以书面形式考查交际能力的一种形式。常见题型有：(一)单项选择。设置一定的情景，然后根据情景配备四个选项，要求考生根据提供的情景选出最佳选项。(二)补全对话。这里又分两种题型：要求学生从所给选项中选择句子补全对话；填人适当的词或句子，使对话完整、通顺。内容上侧重考查以购物、约会、问路、打电话、看病等为主题的对话；也考查问候、告别、祝愿、感谢、介绍表示同意不同意、请求允许等日常交际用语。1对单选题，所给的选项句子本身语法结构都是正确的，有的从汉语习惯考虑也是正确的，所以解题时要根据对话的情景和前后句意的关系，再根据英语的习惯来确定选项。2对补全对话可采用下列步骤：明确语境；上下对照；重读全篇。3在平时学习过程中应进行广泛阅读积累，掌握各种情景中交际应酬的用语，提高交际能力。4熟悉中英两种文化差异，掌握两个不同民族的交际习惯方式。常考知识清单一社会交际1问候（1）A：Hello/ Hi. B：Hello/ Hi. （2）A：Hello. How are you? B：Fine, thank you. And(how are)you? A：Very well, thank you. （3）A：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. B：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. （4）A：Hi, Jim! B：Hi, Li Lei. Nice to see you again!（5）A：Hi, Sam! How are you today? B：Oh, hello, Lin Tao. Fine, thanks. What about you?（6）Please say hello to your parents. Please give my best wishes to your parents. 2介绍自我介绍（1）A：My name is Li Yan. Glad to meet you. B：Nice to meet you. My name is Huang Tan. （2）A：Excuse me. Whats your (full) name, please?B：My name is Robert Thomas Brown. A：May I call you Robert?B：Certainly. / Of coulee. 介绍他人（1）A：This is Mr. Huang. B：How do you do?C：My name is Lin Ping. How do you do?/ Nice to meet you. （2）A：This is Mr. Huang. B：Nice to meet you. C：Glad to meet you. 注意：在交际场合里，介绍常常伴随着问候、可参见问候用语。3告别告别前，客方表示要离开的常用语：（1）Im afraid I must be going now. / Im afraid I must go now.（2）I think its time for me to leave now. / I think its time for us to go now.双方相互道别时用语：（1）Goodbye! / Bye-bye! / Bye!（2）See you later. / See you tomorrow. / See you（3）Good night.4感谢和应答感谢某人：（1）Thank you. / Thanks a lot. / Thank you very much.（2）Thank you for you help.（3）Its very kind/ nice of you.（4）Thank you anyway/ all the same.回答感谢时的答语（1）Its a pleasure.（2）Thats OK. / Thats all right.（3）Youre welcome.5道歉当要麻烦别人时（1）Excuse me, please?（2）I beg your pardon?做错某事时（1）Sorry.（2）Im sorry for.（3）Im sorry that回答道歉时的答语Thats all right. /Thats OK. /Never mind. /Its nothing. /It doesnt matter.6邀请和应答表示邀请的用语（1）Will you come to my party?（2）Would you like to go for a walk?（3）May I invite you to dinner?（4）How/ What about going for a walk?接受邀请时的答语（1）Yes, Id like/ love to.（2）Yes, Its very kind of you.（3）That would be nice.拒绝邀请时的答语（1）No, thank you.（2）Id love/ like to, but7请求和应答表请求（1）May I?（2）Can/ Could I?（3）Would you mind if I smoke here?表肯定的答语（1）Sure/ Certainly.（2）Yes, do please.（3）Thats all right.（4）Of course, you can.表否定的答语（1）Im afraid not.（2）Im sorry, but you mustnt/ cant（3）Youd better not.8祝愿、祝贺和应答祝贺用语Have a good day/ time!Have a good journey/ trip!Good luck!Enjoy yourself!Best wishes to you!Happy New Year!Merry Christmas!Happy birthday!Congratulations!Well done!应答Thank you.You, too.The same to you.9提供帮助和应答提供帮助Can I help you?Would you like me to help you?What can I do for you?Let me help you.肯定答语Yes, please.Yes, thanks.Thank you for your help.Thank you.That would be nice.否定答语No, thanks. / thank you.Thats very kind /nice of you, but I can manage it myself.10约会约会前询问对方有无空闲时间：Are you free this afternoon/ evening/ Sunday?常用答语：Yes, Ill be free then. / No, I wont be free then. But Ill be free tomorrow.提出约会时间、地点以征求对方意见常用答语：How about tomorrow morning?Shall we meet at 3:00 at the school gate? 常用答语：Yes, thats all right. / All right, see you then.11打电话打电话常用语（1）Hello! May I speak to?（2）Is thatspeaking?(注意：不能用Are you?或who are you?)（3）Extension eight one six, please?（4）Can I leave a message?（5）Ill call back later/ again.（6）Ill ring him/ her up again.接电话人常用语（1）Hello! This is Tom speaking.(注意：不能用I am Tom.)（2）Hello! Who is that!（3）Hold on, please.（4）Hold on a moment.（5）Hold the line, please.（6）Tom isnt here right now.（7）Sorry, but Tom is out.（8）Can I take a message for you?（9）I couldnt get through.（10）Sorry, Im afraid you have the wrong number.12就餐主人常用语What would you like to have?Would you like something to drink?Help yourself to some chicken?Would you like some more rice?客人常用语Yes, Id like a drink.Id like rice and chicken.Just a little, please.Can I have some more soup?Its so delicious. Thank you.No, thank you. Ive had enough.1m full, thank you.13看病医生诊断常用语Whats wrong with you?Whats your trouble?Whats the matter with you?How long have you been like this?Whats the matter?What seems to be the trouble?Do you have a fever?How long have you felt like this?Its nothing serious.Take this medicine three times a day.Youll be all right/ well soon.病人叙述病情I feel terrible/ bad.I dont feel well.Ive got a cough/ headache.Ive got a pain here.Theres something wrong with mg eyes.It hurts here.I cant sleep well.14购物售货员常用语Can/ May I help you?What can I do for you?How many/ much do you like?What color/ size/ kind do you like?What about this one?Heres your change.顾客常用语I want/ Id like a pair of shoes.How much is it/ are they?May I try it on?Its too big/ small.Sorry, its too expensive.Do you have any other colours/ sizes/ kinds?Two and a half kilos/ pounds, please.Thats fine. Ill take it.Just have a look.Well, Ill think about it.15问路和应答问路用语Excuse me, is there a bookshop near here?Excuse me, where is the nearest post office?Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the post office?Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest post office?Excuse me, which bus goes to Peoples park?应答Its about one hundered meters on your right. You cant miss it. Its over there.Its about 500 meters from here.Go down this street until you see the tall red building.Turn right/ left at the first/ second crossing/ corner.You cant miss it.You can take bus No. 103.Youd better take a taxi.Sorry, I dont know. Im a stranger here. Youd better ask the policeman. 16谈论天气询问天气情况Whats the weather like today?Hows the weather in Beijing?陈述天气情况What a cold/ hot day today!Its a nice/ fine/ beautiful/ horrible day today.Its sunny/ cloudy/ windy/ rainy/ snowy/ foggy.Its getting cool/ cold/ warm/ hot.17语言交际困难Pardon?/ I beg your pardon?Sorry, I cant follow you?Could you speak again/ more slowly?How do you say in English?I dont know how to say that in English.I dont know the word in English.How do you spell it, please?Im sorry I only know a little English.18提醒注意Dont forget your raincoat.Remember to lock the door.Mind your head/ step!No smoking! No spitting!Wet floor!Look out!Be careful!Dont touch!Its dangerous!19劝告Youd better go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English everyday.You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary.Dont rush/ hurry/ push.Please stand in line.20建议Lets go and have a look.What/ How about a picnic this Sunday?Why dont you buy a computer?Why not go to a movie?常考知识清单二态度1同意和不同意（1）表示赞同的常用语：Certainly. / Sure. / Of course. / Yes, please.Yes, I think so.All right. / OK.Thats a good idea./ I agree(with you).（2）表示不同意的常用语：No, I dont think so.Im afraid not.I really cant agree with you.（3）表示不完全赞同：Yes, maybe.You may be right.2希望和愿望I wish to see you again. I hope to become a doctor.I hope it stays fine.I hope so.I hope not.3表扬和鼓励（1）表扬和鼓励Very good!Well done!Wonderful!Excellent!You speak English very well.Your dress is beautiful!Come on!Keep trying!You can do it!（2）应答Thank you.OK, Ill try it again.常考知识清单三情感1高兴How wonderful / nice!Thats lovely/ great/ wonderful!Im happy.Its well done.Im pleased to know that.2惊奇Really?Oh dear!Is that so?What a surprise!How nice to see you!How surprising!Im surprised.3忧虑Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Anything wrong? What should we do?Are you worried about your health?4安慰There, there.Dont be afraid.Dont worry.Its (quite) all right.Itll be OK/ all right5满意Good!Well done!Perfect!Thats fine.Thats better.Thats good enough.Im pleased with your spoken English.6遗憾Im so sorry!Its a great pity!What a shame!Thats too bad!7同情Im so sorry!Im so sorry about your illness.Im sorry to hear you are going away.Please accept my deep sympathy.8恐惧Help!How terrible!Im afraid of that dog. Im frightened.上面我们从8个方面小结了初中阶段所学习的情景交际。下面我们来看几个中考的关于情景交际的单项选择题。单项选择题。1(04宜昌)_?I have got a cough.AWhats wrong with youBHave you taken you temperatureCAre you better nowDHow long have you been like this2(04南宁)Thank you for lending me your bicycle._.ADont mention itBThank youCHes really great DYes, I do3(04长春)Li Ming fell off his motorbike yesterday._.ANo problemBThats a good ideaCNever mind DSorry to hear that4(04河北)What about something to drink?_.AYes, pleaseBHere you areCIts my pleasure DThe same to you5(05上海)What will you say when you are in danger?_.AIm afraidBHelpCBad luck DThank you6(06黄冈)Please say hi to Mum and Dad, Tony._.AOh, hiBThanks, I willCI didnt say it DThats a great idea7(05河南)Is this 9628176, please?_.AIm sorry, but hes not in.BWould you like to leave a message?CNo, you must leave the wrong number.DOh, thats really a long number.8(05河北)Well, its been very nice talking to you._.AYoure welcomeBNice talking to you, tooCYes, lets have a talk DVery well, thank you9(05内蒙)Would you mind if I use your telephone?_.AYes, do pleaseBOf course notCOf course DAll right10(05南京)Can you do it by yourself?_.ASounds good BThank youCNo problemDIt doesnt matter答案：15 A A D A B610 B C B B C 二句型转换命题趋势1句型转换在中考中属于语法性强的题型，为了避免纯粹的语法题，考查学生综合运用英语的能力，该题型会由原来的基础性、典型性和单一性变为多样性、复杂性和综合性。2主要考查的内容：（1）肯定句变否定形式和疑问句形式（2）对画线部分提问（3）完成反意疑问句（4）陈述句改为感叹句（5）同义句的转换3题量有减少的趋势，分值一般在510分突破方法1对句型转换部分，要掌握句型之间转换的基本规律。如肯定陈述句变为否定陈述句，陈述句变为疑问句及对画线部分提问。2同义句转换难度较大，它需要长时间的语法积累。（1）同义词的积累look after=take care of, enjoy oneself=have a good time（2）同义句型之间的转换，如：How do you like?和What do you think of?It takes sb. some time to do sth.和sb. spend some time doing sth.把sothat句型用tooto或enough to来代替。常考知识清单一肯定句变为否定句和一般疑问句1凡句子有be(am, is, are, was, were)情态动词(can, may, must, need, should, will, would, shall, could, might)，助动词（have, has, had）时，可直接将这些词提前构成问句，在它们后面加not构成否定句。e.g.He was a teacher ten years ago. Was he a teacher ten years ago? He wasnt a teacher ten years ago.I can swim. Can you swim?I cant swim.He has gone to Beijing. Has he gone to Beijing?He hasnt gone to Beijing yet.They will go to Canada next month. Will they go to Canada next month?They will not go to Canada next month.2当句子中不出现be，情态动词can, may, must等，或助动词have, has等时要借助do(es)或did来帮助。（1）Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改为一般疑问句和否定句)Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday?Ann didnt return the book to the library yesterday.注意：当动词是过去时态时变疑问句是在句首加did，变否定句是在动词前加did not，原来的动词变为原形。（2）Allan goes to the library every Monday.(改为一般疑问句和否定句)Does Allan go to the library every Monday?Allan doesnt go to the library every Monday.注意：当动词是单数第三人称时，变疑问句是在句首加Does，变否定句时，是在动词前加doesnt，原来的动词变为原形。常考知识清单二对画线部分提问1对主语或主语的定语提问时，其语序不变，即：疑问词谓语其他成分?疑问词主语谓语其他成分?（1）She is our teacher. Who is your teacher?（2）My book is on the desk. Whose book is on the desk?2对表语、宾语、状语提问时，其语序是：疑问词一般疑问句。（1）He lives in Shanghai. Where does he live?（2）The girl asked Jane to turn off the radio. What did the girl ask Jane to do?3对人提问，用Who或Whom（1）Maria likes Kevin. Who likes Kevin?（2）Maria likes Kevin. Whom does Maria like?(对主语提问用who，对宾语提问用who，whom均可)。4问“谁的”用whoseThis is her wallet. Whose wallet is this?5对地点提问用whereI live in New York. Where do you live?6对时间提问，用when或what timeSteven gets up at six every day. When(What time) does Steven get up every day?7对原因提问，用whyHe didnt go to school because he was ill. Why didnt he go to school?8问“身体状况”，用howIm fine. How are you?9对方式提问，用howHe did it in that way. How did he do it?10对数字提问，用how many, how muchHe has been to Beijing four times. How many times has he been to Beijing?11对一段时间提问，用how long或how soon（1）He will come back in ten minutes. How soon will he come back?（2）I have lived in Beijing for ten years.How long have you lived in Beijing?12问程度，用how被修饰语The river is ten meters wide. How wide is the river?常考知识清单三同义句转换1用同义词或词组改写James Herriot was good at treating dogs. (改为同义句) James Herriot did well in treating dogs.注意：be good at=do well in2运用反义词或词组改写The problem is too difficult for me to work out.(改为同义句) The problem isnt easy enough for me to work out.3同义句型转换用意义相同或相近，但结构不同的句型、句式来表达同一句义的方法。如（1）not asas与比较级的变化；（2）than any other与最高级的变化；（3）瞬间动词come, go, leave, buy, die等的过去时与含有一段时间状语的完成时之间的变化。（4）What do you think of?与How do you like?（1）Mr. Brown left the city two years ago.(同义句) Mr. Brown has been away from the city for two years.（2）What do you think of the film?(改为同义句) How do you like the film?（3）Why dont you go to the school library with me?(改为同义句) Why not go to the school library with me?4二合一并成简单句，就是把两个并列句中成分相同的部分合并起来，使其成为一个简单句。常用的连词有neithernor, eitheror, bothand, not onlybut also；也可用tooto.和enough to把两个句子合并成一个分句。（1）Lucy will go to the Great Wall, or Liu Mei will.(合并成一句话) Either Lucy or Liu Mei will go to the Great Wall.（2）All the pupils have read this storybook. Their English teacher has read this storybook, too.(改为同义句)Not only all the pupils but also their English teacher has read this storybook.5复合句转换为简单句（1）不定式短语替换I got up very late. I didnt catch the early bus.(改为同义句) I didnt get up early enough to catch the early bus.（2）宾语从句简化为疑问词不定式I dont know what I should do.(改为同义句) I dont know what to do.（3）将sothat(或suchthat)引导的状语从句改为tooto(或enough to)The nurse is so busy that she has no time to look after their family.(改为同义句) The nurse is too busy to look after her family.6主动语态与被动语态之间的转换We clean our classroom twice a day.(改为同义句) Our classroom is cleaned twice a day.常考知识清单四直接引语变间接引语1直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以用各种时态，如果主句是过去时，从句只能用过去时态，从句主语和其他成分有时要做相应变化。（1）My mother says,“Its important to learn English well.”。My mother says its important to learn English well.（2）She asked,“Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.2直接引语是陈述句时，变间接引语用that引导，可省略。My teacher said,“You are a good student”. My teacher said that I was a good student.3直接引语是一般疑问句时，变间接引语用if引导。Tom asked,“Have you finished your homework?”Tom asked me if I had finished my homework.4直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变间接引语：疑问词陈述句语序。His grandma asked,“What are you doing?”His grandma asked him what he was doing.5直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时用不定式The teacher said,“Listen to me carefully.”The teacher asked us to listen to her carefully.易混知识清单肯定句变为否定句时的几种情况1肯定句中有some，变为否定句时改为any，肯定句有some构成的复合代词或副词时，应改为由any构成的复合代词或副词。（1）There are some books on the desk. There are not any books on the desk.（2）These people have done something to protect the environment. Those people havent done anything to protect the environment.2肯定句中有and连接两个并列成分时，变为否定句，一般将and变为or。The clock has feet and legs. The clock doesnt have feet or legs.3肯定句中有always, often和almost时，变为否定句时应将其分别变为never, seldom和hardly。（1）David always walks to school. David never walks to school.（2）He often watches TV in the evening. He seldom watched TV in the evening.（3）Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true. Dreams of finding lost treasure hardly came true.4肯定句中含有a few, a little时，变否定句要将其变为few, little来表示否定意义。I had a little milk for breakfast this morning. I had little milk for breakfast this morning.（2）I bought a few books yesterday. I bought few books yesterday.5肯定句中含有also, too时，变否定句应改为either。Lily likes swimming, too. Lily doesnt like swimming, either.6祈使句变为否定句时在其前加dont。Tell her the way to the hospital.Dont tell her the way to the hospital.7含有everything, everybody的肯定句变为否定句时，应将它们分别变为nothing和nobody。（1）Everything turns green now. Nothing turns green now.（2）Everybody can help you. Nobody can help you.8肯定句中含有already时，变为否定句应将其变为yet。I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet.9在I/ wethink从句变为否定句时，应将think变为否定，而不应将其后的从句改为否定句。I think he can speak Japanese. I dont think he can speak Japanese.10在肯定句中有all, both和bothand时，变否定句应将其分别变为none, neither和neithernor。注意谓语动词的人称与数的变化。（1）All of them can speak French. None of them can speak French.（2）Both of his parents know how to surf on