倒装句的作用与用法.doc

倒装句的作用与用法倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.I. 完全倒装1. 用于 there be 句型。例如： There are some students in the classroom.教室里有几位学生。There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.教室的前面有一棵大树。2. 用于“ here （ there， now， then ）不及物动词主语”的句型中，或以 in， out， up， down， away 等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如： Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。注意：（ 1 ）主语是代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。（ 2 ） here ， there 放在句首通常用一般现在时。Here it is. 给你。（你要的东西在这儿。）Here he comes. 他来了。3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常将其全部倒装。例如： South of the city lies a big steel factory.城市南边有一家大型钢厂。From the valley came a frightening sound.从山谷里传来了可怕的声音。4. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”：（ 1 ）形容词连系动词主语Present at the meeting were Mr Li， Mr Wang and many other teachers.出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。（ 2 ）过去分词连系动词主语Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。（ 3 ）介词短语 be 主语Among the goods are books， exercise-books， pens and some other things.在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。5. 用于 so， neither ， nor 开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如： He has been to Canada. So have I.他去过加拿大，我也去过。You cant speak French. Neither can she.你不会说法语，她也不会。6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或是上下文紧密衔接时。例如： They arrived at a small village， in front of which was a big river.他们来到一个小村庄，村庄前面是条大河。Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.在金字塔里面有埋葬国王和王后的墓室。II. 部分倒装1. 用于疑问句。例如： Do they work in the factory？他们在这家工厂上班吗？2. 用于省略的虚拟条件状语从句。例如： Had I seen him yesterday wouldnt go to his house now.如果我昨天见到他了，我现在就不去他家了。3. 用于“形容词（或名词、动词） +as （ though ）”引导的让步状语从句中。例如： Young as he is ， he knows a lot.他虽然很年轻，但知道很多。Try as he would， he might failed again.他虽然可以试试，可能还会失败。注意：如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前无形容词时，不用冠词；若有形容词要用冠词。Child as he was， he had to make a living.他虽是个孩子，但得糊口。A bad -tempered man as Mr Chen is， he loves us deeply.陈老师脾气不好，但他深深地爱着我们。4. 用于 no sooner than ， hardly when 和 not until 等句型。例如： No sooner had I come in， the telephone rang.我刚进屋，电话铃就响了。Not until 12 did he go to sleep.直到 12 点他才入睡。5. 用于 never， hardly ， seldom， scarcely， barely， little， at no time， not only ,not, little, no more, no longer, in no way, no sooner等开头的句子。Never shall I do this again. 我绝不会再做此事。Seldom does he come late. 他很少迟到。6. 用于“ only 状语”开头的句子。Only in the way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。Only then did he know he was wrong.直到那时他才知道他错了。7. 用于“ so 形容词 / 副词”放在句首的 so that 句子。例如： So young is the boy that he cant join the army.这孩子没到参军的年龄。So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.他跑得快得能跟上自行车。1. History had also been described as a series of messes, but only by a historical analysis _ how we get into the latest mess, and how we might get out of it.a. we have determineb. we can determinec. can we determine d. should we determine 2. _ should any money be given to a small child.a. On no accountb. From all accountsc. Of no accountd. By all accounts3. Her answer is not acceptable, and _.a. so clever are the construction robotsb. so clever the construction robots are c. such construction robots are cleverd. such clever construction robots are 4. We have done things we ought not to have done and _ undone things we ought to have done.a. leaving b. will leave c. leftd. leave5. _ no electric computers, there could have been no satellites or rockets.a. Had there been b. If there werec. Should there be d. If there are6. _ into his office and stole his books, but they also tore up his manuscript.a. Not only they broke b. They not only brokec. Not only did they break d. They not only did break7. Only after many years of hard work _ that money alone does not lead to happiness and success.a. did I realizeb. I did realizec. had I realized d. I had realized8. No sooner had I began to enjoy my wealth _ again reduced to my former state of poverty.a. than I was b. than was I c. when I was d. when was I 9. _, but I still like him.a. Selfish though he is b. Selfish as he is c. Selfish he may bed. Whether he is selfish or not10. So involved with their computers _ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.a. the children become b. the children do becomec. become the children d. do the children become11. John is taking a months vocation in June. Thats nice. Did he say where _?a. is he going b. hes going to c. hes goingd. will he go 12. _ I couldnt lift the box.a. As I might try b. Try as I mightc. As try I might d. Though try I might13. The bus company started offering reduced fares to disabled soldiers last year, and so _.a. one of the taxi companies did b. did one of the taxi companiesc. has one of the taxi companies doned. one of the taxi companies does14. Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother _ to swim.a. how will it learnb. it will learn howc. will it learn howc. and it learns how15. _ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.a. With hard work b. In spite of his hard work c. Only if he works hardlyd. Only with hard work16In Qingdao, you will find a beautiful scenic spot called _. a. Old Stone Man b. Stone Old Manc. Man Stone Oldd. Man Old Stone17. My fathers only two expensive little _ socks were kept by my elder brother.a. Chinese green antique silk b. Chinese antique green silkc. antique Chinese green silk d. green antique Chinese silk18. The melting point of copper is not so high as _ of iron.a. that b. onec. his d. those 19. -Do you like beer?- Yes, I prefer large bottles to small _.a. one b. that c. onesd. those20. All men are created equal. No man is _ to others.a. more superiorb. most