名词性从句讲练学案.docVIP

名词性从句讲练学案在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 自测题He asked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2.They want to know _do to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they3. _ you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Which D. This4.These photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village looks likeD. how our village looks like5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who6.It made many countries angry _ the NATO, without the permission from the UN, started a war in Yugoslavia because of the problem of Kosovo.A. when B. because C. that D. if7.It is not _that this situation will continue very long.A. alike B. like C. likely D. the like8.Computers can only give out _ has been stored in them by man.A. that B. which C. what D. everything9.We all heard the news _ the Chinese Women Volleyball Team had won the match.A. which B. that C. in which D. when10.There is a police car in front of our neighbours house. What do you suppose_?A. is happen B. has happenedC. would happen D. did happen11.Energy is _ makes things work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that12.This is just _they are mistaken.A. when B. what C. where D. which13.Why he fell ill suddenly was _ he was caught in the rain yesterday.A. because B. since C. that D. only because14.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important.A. which B. whether C. how D. why15.Ill make _ to all that you were once a sailor.A. known B. knowing C. then known D. it known16. _ was not our concern.A. No matter he might pass the examination B. Whether he passed the examination or notC. Though he might pass the examinationD. He passed the examination17.Do you believe _ he will win?A. that B. whether C. if D. what18.I have no doubt _ it is true.A. that B. whether C. if D. what19.I dont think _.A. that is true hell go there himself B. it true that hell go there himselfC. that he will true go there himselfD. this is true hell go there himself20.Do you know _ get three gold medals?A. how Tim could B. how Tim was able toC. how was Tim able to D. how could Tim21.They expressed the hope _ they would come over to visit China again.A. which B. that C. whether D. for which22.The reason why I didnt finish my homework was _ my schoolbag with all my textbooks in it.A. because I lost B. because of losingC. for I lost D. that I lost23.The reason for his success is _ he worked hard.A. why B. that C. what D. because24.I wonder _ with his study.A. what he is getting along B. that he is getting alongC. if he is getting along D. how he is getting along25. Im thinking _ I should do next.A. that B. what C. of what D. in what26.Well never give in _ they may do or say.A. although B. despiteC. no matter how D. whatever27.His grandfather was among the first to settle in _ is now a famous place.A. what B. it C. which D. where28.What is Einsteins most famous theory? _.A. We call the Theory of Relativity B. That we call the Theory of RelativityC. What we call the Theory of RelativityD. We call it the Theory of Relativity29.Theres no doubt_your book will be well received.A. that B. whether C. when D. where30.You can depend on _ promise he makes.A. all B. what C. whatever D. which31.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which32.The mountain is no longer _ in used to be.A. which B. that C. as D. what33.Jack said _ to meet the American friends.A. which he pleased B. he is pleasedC. that he was pleased D. what he was pleased34.He was always thinking of_he could help others.A. that B. how C. whom D. which35. _ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more and better cars.A.That,that B.What, that C.What, how D.That, whether36.Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car.A. when B. how C. where D. that37. _ colour printing was invented by the Chinese as early as the 10th century?A. Do you think that is true B. Do you think it true thatC. Is that true D. Is that said38.His suggestion _to see the exhibition interests every one of us.A. that we go B. which we should goC. whether we should go D. we went39.Have you any idea _?A.how fast does light travelB. how does light travel fastC. how fast light travels D. light travels how fast40.What about seeing a film? The point is _well have enough time.A. that B. if C. whether D. when41.What a pity_is_you didnt arrive by daylight.A. there ; because B. it ; that C. he ; when D. that; for42.I believe _ youve done your best and _things will improve. Thank you.A. that;不填 B.不填;不填C. what;不填D. 不填 ; that43.Please give the book to _ wins the first price.A. who B. when C. whoever D. whomever44.The fire destroyed _ was in the building.A. all B. what C. that D. which45.The question came up at the meeting _ we had not enough money to do the research.A. whether B. that C. when D. if46. _ Jean didnt pass the last English exam was quite beyond everyones expectation.A. Why B. How C. Whether D. that47. _ is worth doing well.A. Whatever is worth doing at all B. Thats worth doing at allC. Whats worth doing it at allD. Whatever is worth doing it at all48.Do you know _ it is from here to the railway station?Yes. About 5 miles .A. what distance B. how far C. how long D.how distant49.What is not yet decided so far? _.A. Cash crops will be produced next yearB. If cash crops will be produced next yearC. That cash crops will be produced next yearD. What cash crops will be produced next year50.Though _ he said was of little help to me, I thanked him all the same.A. what B. which C. that D. who强化练习1_he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever=anything thatB.No matter whatC.ThatD. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea/dont know at all_.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D. if11. Is _he said really true?A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey.A. while B. if C. that D. for14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. It remains to be seen whether .A. Whether B. This C. who D. If15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If16. _you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded.A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what18._appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer.A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where21. _he always serves the people very well is known.A. What B. That C. Which D. Who22._has passed the test will get a prize .A. Whoever B. No mater who C. Whomever D. Who23.Is_ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week?A that B it C his D he24.It has not been decided_ they will leave for New York.A. when B why C that D what25. Obviously_ we do morning exercises every day _ us good.A. that do B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose26 It is said_ _ was all _ he said.A that; that; that B what; what; what C that; which; what D that; that; which27_ gets home first is to cook the supper.A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever28_ moved us most was_ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years.A. That; that B. What; that C What; what D. That; what29._ you did it is not known to all.A. Who B. What C. How D. Which30._ you do should be well done.A How B. That C. Whatever D Why31. The reason why I plan to go is_ she will be disappointed if I dont.A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what32. What time do you think_?A. will Tom come back B. Tom will come backC. is Tom coming back D. can Tom get here33. The teacher said that light_ faster than sound.A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels34._ is still a question_ will win.A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that35. If you know_ it was that wrote A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.A. whom B. which C. who D. thatIt was Dickens that wrote .Who was it that wrote36. In some countries,_ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.A. that B. which C. as D. what37. Thinking_ you know_ in fact you dont is a terrible mistake.A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_ worries the public.A. why B. which C. that D. what39. Why dont you bring_ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A. that B. what C. that D. it40._ David says sounds right to Helen. Thats why she has made up her mind to leave with him_ happens.A. whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever C. No matter what; No matter what D. Whatever; however41. That is_ I was born and grew up.A. There B. in which C. where D. the place42._ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.A. What B. That C. When D. Because43._ we are doing has never been done before.A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether44.-Have you found your book yet?-No, Im not sure_ I could have left it.A. whether B. where C. when D. why45. The doctor couldnt answer the question_ the patient could survive that night.A. if B. that C. whether D. what46. I firmly believe_ he said at the meeting was right.A. that B. which C. that what D. what that47.-What were you trying to prove to the police? -_ I was last night.A. That B. When C. Where D. What48. I think, though I could be mistaken, _ he liked me.A. who B. which C. that D. what49. At the meeting, we discuss