专题八动词高新教学区马玉菊.doc

亨德森学校 2014教研资料专题八 动词-高新教学区 马玉菊老师一 动词的分类 宾语：e.g. I like this film very much. 双宾语（直，间）：e.g. Please pass me some salt.give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, 及物动词(Vt): offer, pass, teach, write, tell, read, (本身意义不完整+宾语) return, show（注：to/ for ） 实义动词 复合宾语(宾+宾补):e.g. We call him Bill. (能独立作谓语) 注:不带to不定式/现在分词 (make/let/have/see/watch/notice/ hear) 被动语态to还原 动 不及物动词(Vi): e.g. Horses run fast. (意思完整，不需接宾语) 注：Vi+prep.: +n./pron. Look at the tree. Vi+adv. : 位置pron.放中间 n.放前/后 ViVt Vi+adv.+ prep: Let go on with the work. (只能放介词后) Vi+n.+prep. He takes pride in doing a job well. (介词后) 注：既是Vt又是Vi：study fly 状态：表主语状态 Vbe. e.g. He is a teacher. 持续：表示主语继续或保持一定状况或态度(keep, remain, rest, stay, lie, stand )系动词： 连系：看起来像 (seem, appear, look ) e.g. He looks tired.词 感官：feel, smell, sound, taste e.g. That sounds interesting. 变化：表示主语变成什么样 ( become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run) +doing (构成进行时) e.g. I am walking. be +done (构成被动语态) e.g. Knives are used to cut things. +done (完成时)助动词： have (have has) +been doing (完成进行时) do(does did) 构成疑问，否定，倒装，强调 will, shall, would, should ：will: 各种人称shall:第一人称 情态动词：can, may, must, need, will, shall - 5 -二 动词的时态 1 一般现在时 定义: 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态. 结构: 肯主语+V原/V三单+其它 （其他结构举例辨析） 标志词：often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 例句：I often go to school by bike. V原V三单 (与单n.复n.区别)（1） 一般情况 + s （2） o ,s , x ,sh, ch 结尾 +es（3） 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i + es（4） 元音字母+ y结尾 +s 用于表示客观事实或真理 Teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. A:现在时表将来（时间，条件状从） 主将 从现 主祈 从现 主情 从现 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park. Hurry up, or we will be late. When I grow up, I will go to America. B：表示按规定或时间表预计将要发生的动作 We are going to Changchun. Our plane takes off at 8:30. here ,there .开头的句子，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作 There goes the bell. 2 一般过去时 定义: 表示过去某时间发生而现在已经结束了的动作或存在的状态 结构：主语+V过去式+其它 标志词：yesterday, last night, some years ago, in 2008, in the past, the other day, all that time, just now 例句：I got up at six oclock this morning. 过去式，过去分词的变化规则（1） 规则变化 V原 +ed work-worked 辅音字母+y结yi +ed study-studied e 结尾 +d live-lived 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一辅音字母 双写辅音字母+ed stop-stopped (2) 不规则变化ABC ABB AAA ABA3 一般将来时（1）定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 结构： 主语+will +V原+其它 （主语是I/we 时，问句用shall） 例句：They will leave for Shanghai next week. Where shall we meet tomorrow?(2) 定义：表示计划，打算将要做某事 （有迹象表明要发生） 结构：主语+be going to +V原+其它 例句：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 标志词：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in 2012 in+一段时间. 注:will+V原与 be going to +V原的区别 只能用will/shall+V原的情况A：表示邀请或命令时 Will you please lend me your bike? B：表意愿时 We will help him if he asks us.C：表单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时 The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning. be about to do sth./ be to do sth. 即将发生的动作 I was about to leave when the phone rang.4 现在进行时 定义：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态 结构：主语+Vbe(am is are)+Ving +其它 标志词：now these days look listen Can you see.？ Cant you see.?. 例句：What are you doing now? I am reading. V原Ving的变化规则直接+ing read-reading去e +ing write-writing双写+ing sit-sitting变ie为y+ing die-dying lie-lying tie-tying 注：（1）不用于进行时的动词 感觉： see hear 喜欢，厌恶 hate love like 希望 want would like 表状态 be 归属 have 表思维，知识或理解能力的动词 know forget（2） 瞬间动词在进行时中表将来(go, come, leave, start, begin.)The bus is coming.I am going to Shanghai this term. 5 现在完成时 定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，这一动作从过去就已经开始，一直持续到现在，将来有可能还会继续 结构：主语+have/has+Vp.p.+其它 例句：Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. I ve just had it. I have learned English for seven years. 时间标志词： already: 肯定句 V助之后，Vp.p.之前 句末 I have already watched the TV play. 疑问句：已经 句末yet: 否定句：还 since: + 时间点/从句 I have lived in kunming since 2003. She has lived there since she was seven.for: + 时间段 Just: “刚刚 ” V助与Vp.p.之间 ever: “曾经” 疑问句否定句V助与Vp.p.之间 never: “从来没有 ” 与 before 连用，V助与Vp.p.之间 I have never traveled before. before: “以前 ” 不确定的某个时间 句末 I havent heard of it before.V延续V非延续 borrowkeep openbe open buy-have closebe closed begin/startbe on gobe away diedbe dead leavebe away wake upbe awake注： have/has been to have/has gone to (here, there 省to) have been in /at 与一般过去时的区别 A：侧重点不同：现完与现在有关的时态，侧重于过去对现在的影响 B：连用时间状语不同：现完 already yet. 一般过去时yesterday last night6 过去进行时 定义：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作 结构：主语+was/were+Ving+其它 标志词：then at that time this time yesterday at ten yesterday. 例句：I was watching TV at nine yesterday evening. 注：（1）与always.连用表示频繁发生的习惯性动作，带有一定的感情色彩 Alice was always changing her mind. (2)when /while 引导的主从复合句 +时间点 V短暂 when 动作可同时，先后发生 +时间段V延续 while + 一段时间 V延 动作同时发生7 过去完成时 定义：指到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态 结构：主语+would+V原+其它 标志词：by last week, be the end of last year, by the time. 例句： She had left by the time I arrived过去将来时（）定义：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或状态结构：主语would 原其它（常用于宾从）例句：He said he would come to my house.（）定义：表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作结构：主语was/were going to +V原例句：I thought it was going to rain soon.总结 语境时态 时间标志词三 一些重点动词的用法与区别1 used to do sth. 2 arrive in/at +大/小 be used to doing sth. 到达 get to +地点名词 be used to do sth. reach +地点名词 be used for doing sth be used as. dress sb./onself3 borrow: borrow sth. from sb. 4 dress(动作，状态) be dressed in +颜色 衣服借 lend : lend sth. to sb. 穿 wear（状态）+ 衣帽，首饰，眼镜。 keep : 保存，保留（长时间地借） put on (动作) 5 see :看的结果 6 bring 看 look 动作 take watch 长时间观看动着的画面：比赛，电视 拿 carry 无方向 read 书，报纸，杂志 fetch 7 speak + 语言 speak to sb. 8 spend：sb. spends st/sm on /(in)doing Say +说话内容 花费 cost：sth costs sb sometime/sm说 talk +to/with sb. take: it takes sb.st/sm to do sth. tell tell sb, sth tell sb,(not) to do sth pay: sb paid some money for sth9 look for :动作 10 listen 动作 listen to find 找的结果 invent 发明事先不存在的 hear 结果 hear of /from discover 发现事先存在的 11 悬挂：hang up hung 12 lose :输给某人 lose to sb.hang 闲逛：hang out hung fail 失败 failed/failed fall fell fallen feel felt felt 绞死： hanged beat 打败 +sb,/队 win 赢得 +荣誉，奖品，比赛13 lose: lose ones way 14 think of 考虑，想起 think about 考虑，思考 think over 仔细考虑 forget to do / doing think up = come up with leave sth sp. 15 join +党派，组织，成为一员 16 get back +( to ) home take part in + 聚会、活动 attend 出席会议 return 后面不加back join in 参加正在进行的竞赛，娱乐，谈话。turn : 颜色变化 die Vi 死 V短暂17 18 dead adj. 死的，表状态 get 天变黑 = grow death n. 死 天气变冷/暖 =become dying adj. 垂死的，要死的 天变长、短 19 accept ： 主观接受 20 answer +宾语/宾从 receive ： 客观收到 reply Vi + to /with Vt +宾语/宾从总结动词 语法意义 词义 习惯用法 固定搭配1. The population of the world _ still _ now. （09兰州市）A. has; grownB. is; growingC. will; growD. is; grown答案：B2. Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ it by yourself? （09兰州市）A. ask, write B. to ask, writing C. ask, writing D. asking, write答案：C3. -Good evening. I _ to see Miss Mary. -Oh, good evening. Im sorry, but she is not in. （09兰州市）A. have come B. come C. came D. had come答案：A4. This type of MP4 is my favorite, but I cant _ it. （09兰州市）A. spend B. cost C. pay D. afford答案：D5. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and the start of the film. （09广州市）A. caught B. missed C. got D. lost答案：B6. As we know, some people are good at but bad at giving back. （09广州市）A. lending B. keepingC. borrowingD. using答案：C7. Why couldnt you the correct spelling of the word?Err. . . I hadnt got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand. （09广州市）A. look for B. look downC. look upD. look at答案：C8. A mobile phone of this type costs too much. Youd better _.（09杭州市）A. wait B. waitingC. waited D. to wait答案：A9. Why not come over? My family _ seeing you again. （09杭州市）A. enjoyed B. would enjoy C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed答案：B10. The teacher asked _ a story about a trip to the moon（09杭州市）.A. get up B. turn up C. clean up D. make up答案：D11. Nick _ a job in a bank, he didnt take it. （09杭州市）A. is offered B. offered C. was offered D. has offered答案：C12. - Did you give Tom a phone call?- Yes, I did. But nobody _.（09河南省）A. answerB. answeredC. will answerD. had answered答案：B13. - Shall we stay at home watching TV tonight? （09河南省）- No, Id like _ and see a movie.A. to go B. go C. went D. going答案：A14. Im very tired these days bec