wouldrather的用法.doc

Would Rather的用法would rather常省略为“d rather”，表示优先选择的一种方式，意思是“宁愿；宁可；更；还是为好”，后接动词原形。其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。例如：I”d rather stay at home on Sunday. 星期天我宁愿呆在家里。I”d rather not go there today. 今天我宁愿不去那里。would rather常用于以下几种句型：1. 肯定式（would rather do sth）I”d rather have some rice. 我宁愿吃点米饭。I”d rather go there on foot. 我宁可步行去那里。2. 否定式would rather not do sth. I”d rather not see her again. 我宁可不再见到她。Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。3. 疑问式Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？4. 如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿而不愿”时，则可用would ratherthan这一句型。例如：I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。注意：使用这一句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。例如：I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。He would rather die than surrender. 他宁愿死也不投降。I”d rather live here than there. 我宁愿住在这里也不愿住在那里。5. would rather +that 从句表示“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略，从句中用过去时态。I”d rather you went home now. 我宁愿你现在就回家。We”d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。注意：would rather是英式英语，美式英语用had rather。no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever 。 例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。 替换： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 但no matter what只能放在句首，在句中，只能用whatever(错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句） （错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given. （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。however，no matter how However和no matter how同义，都表示“无论如何”的意思，又都引导让步状语从句，但它们的修辞意味和使用场合有所不同。 However是比较正式的用语，大都用于书面语，口语中较少使用；no matter how则比较口语化，它的语势比however重，故常用在强调的场合。请看下面的例句： The task must be done，however arduous it may be 无论多么艰难，这个任务一定要完成。 （试比较一般句：The task must be done though it is arduous） Ill take your words，no matter how harsh they may be 无论语气多么难听，我还是听你的话的。 （试比较一般句：Although your words are harsh，Ill take them） However有时可表达“然而”、“可是”之意，出现于句中或句尾。例： They said that it was so；they were mistaken，however 他们说事情就是如此，可是他们错了。 与之类似区别的词语很多，例如whatever/no matter what、whenever/no matter when、wherever/no matter where、whichever/no matter which、whoever/no matter who.whatsoever是whatever的强调形式，并且用法比较正式，大都用来加强否定句的语气，其作用相当于at all。 e.g. I have no money whatsoever. whatever在肯定句中用作定语时，一般放在他所修饰的名词前。 e.g. Give me whatever books you have on this subject.whatever是任可的意思 e.g I will take whatever you have. however是然而的意思 e.g. source A tells that the king was treating his people well, however, in source B says that the king was cruel and unreasonable.whatever是代词，在句子中可以扮演名词能够充当的所有成分,例如主语,宾语等 eg1. Whatever he said that day is true. eg2. He could give up whatever he had to please her. however是表转折的连词，只能用来连接两个分句。 eg. They promised to tell him the address, however, in the end they cheated him againwhatever 一般人用的时候意思是: 不管怎么说, 无聊. however : 不过, 这么说吧however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter how,后面跟形容词或副词；as引导让步状语从句时，用倒装语序，即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前，而且如果作表语的是单数名词，前面不加冠词，也可以把谓语动词部分的实义动词提前。误 As hard he works, he cant catch up with his classmates.正 However hard he works, he cant catch up with his classmates.析见上述说明。误 A model worker he is, he remains modest.正 Model worker as he is, he remains modest.析as 引导让步状语从句，前面的单数名词前不加冠词。howeverwhatever。however引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter how, 后面跟形容词或副词；whatever引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what，后面跟名词。反义疑问句的用法句句型归纳 1、You had no time for reading, did you ? / had you?2、He has a brother, hasnt he, / doesnt he?3、We have to go without him, dont we ?4、You have your dinner at school, dont you?5、He has a rest every two hours, doesnt he?6、This is your last chance to learn from the beginning, isnt it?7、Those were terrible days for us to recall, werent they?8、There are some books you are interested in, arent there?9、Let us do it as we please / like to, will you? / can you?10、Lets us do it right now, shall we? / can we?11、Come here, will you? / wont you / can you / cant you / do you / dont you?12、Dont say anything, will you? / can you? / do you?13、Tom, you clean the window, will you?14、I think / say /suppose / guess / am sure he will come back soon, wont he?15、I dont think he will come back , will he?16、He old man never thought he was lonely, did he?17、The old man used to be a farmer, usednt he / didnt he?18、He ought to come, oughtnt he / shouldnt?19、He seldom goes to the cinema, doesnt he?( hardly, never, few, little, nothing, nobody)20、Its unfair, isnt it?21、One cant be careful enough, can one / can he?22、Everything goes well, doesnt it?23、Everybody agrees with him, doesnt he / dont they?24、All we needed has been bought, hasnt it?25、All we invited have arrived, havent they?(All refers to people)26、Learning English is very hard, isnt it?27、He studies hard and he is often praised by his teachers, isnt he?28、We must be more polite in this occasion, neednt we?29、He must be a brave man, isnt he?30、It must have rained last night, didnt it?31、He mush have known the answer, hasnt he?32、He cant have done such a foolish thing, has he?33、I am a student, arent I ?34、So he has known the secret, has he?35、Oh, you have the same type of sell phone as I, do you?反义疑问句用法1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I。例如： Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？ 2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如： I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？ 3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如： Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？ 4）含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？ 5）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。例如： We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？ 6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。例如： He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？ 7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? 例如： Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？ 8）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。例如： He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？ 9）陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。例如： Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？ 10） 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如： He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？ You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？ He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11） 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如： What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？ 12） 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？ 13） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如： Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就绪，是吗？ 14） 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如： Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？ b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？ c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如： I dont think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？ We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？ 15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如： Everyone knows the answer, dont they?（does he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知道这件事，是吧？ 16） 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？ 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如： She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？ 17） 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。例如： Dont do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？ Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧，好吗？ 注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如： Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？ 18） 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如： There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有问题，对不对？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？ 19） 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如： It is impossible, isnt it? 这不可能，是吗？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？ 20） must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如： He must be there now, isnt he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天肯定要下雨，是吗？after all 毕竟 . You should forgive him for his forgetfulness; after all, he is over seventy. 你应该原谅他的健忘症，毕竟他已经七十多岁了。 2. You should be charitable with him; he is a child after all. 你应该对他宽容些，毕竟他还是个孩子。 3 Dont blame him for breaking that vase; after all he is a child. 别怪他打碎那个花瓶, 他毕竟是小孩子嘛。 only if: 只有当(只是在.的时候) 1. The company will succeed only if it have sufficient backing. 只有当该公司获得足够的资助，它才会成功。 2. A compound proposition that has components joined by the word and or its symbol and is true only if both or all the components are true. 综合命题由和或其符号所连接的子句组成的复合命题，只有当所有子句为真时，该句才为真 3. I can buy the house only if a mortgage for 2000 dollars is available. 只有拿到两千美元的抵押贷款，我才买得起那栋房子。回over 的用法 本单元的第一个句子就是What did you do over the weekend? over的意思是“在期间”，相当于during。整句话的意思是“周末期间你都干什么了？” A plane is flying over our heads.这里的over的意思为“在正上方”，on表示“在上面”，物体是可以接触到的。over的反义词是under。 How many books do you have? 你有多少本书？ Over ten. 10多本。 在这里over的意思是“超过;多于”，相当于more than。 all over the world在这里over是“遍及”的意思。 Wheres my dog?我的狗在哪儿？ Its over there. 在那边。 在这里over的意思是“越过；在那边”。最佳答案 - 由投票者5个月前选出over prep.在.上方; 在.上面(未接触)a bridge over a river 河上的一座桥the roof over ones head 头上的屋顶(地位、职务、权势等)高于., 在.的上位, 支配; 统治; 管制lord it over sb. 对某人飞扬跋扈rule over a kingdom 统治一个王国(数目、程度等)高于, 超过He is over fifty. 他五十开外了。It costs over ten dollars. 它值十多美元。从.边缘往下look over the hedge 从篱笆上面看过去speak to sb. over ones shoulder 转过头去和某人说话在.对面a city over the border 边界对面的城市friends over the sea 海外的朋友在.期间, 在.时间内over many years 在许多年内work over night 通霄工作遍及,从头到尾all over the body 浑身all over the world 遍及世界go over onesnotes 从头到尾看笔记一边.一边; 在(做).的时候fall asleep over ones work 工作 时睡着了talk overa cup of tea 一面喝茶, 一面谈话关由, 对于cry over split milk 后悔不及mourn over sb.s death 哀悼某人去世quarrel over a matter 因某事争吵通过, 经过listen to a newscast over the radio 收听无线电新闻广播speak to sb. over the telephone 和某人通电话直到.之后She invited us to stay over Sunday. 她邀我们呆过星期天。不同于This years copy contains no innovations over those in the past. 今年的版本没有不同于过去的新花样。习惯用语all over到处; 各方面 全身; 浑身 十足, 完全; 好像 全部结束 (某人的)真正性格特点 口(后接 with)完蛋了, 没希望了be all over sb. 口讨好某人over again 再来一次, 重新over against 在.对面; 与.相反; 与.成鲜明的对照over all 遍及, 从一头到另一头over and above 除.之外(还); 在.之上overand done with 口已经结束过去over and over (again) 反复, 再三over there在那边; 美在欧洲; 大战时用语在战地over with 美口(做)完Concern用法归纳一、用作动词，意为“与有关；涉及”。如： Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.别管与自己无关的事。 二、用作名词。 意为“焦虑；担心”。如： There is growing concern that they may have been killed. 越来越担心他们可能已遭杀害。 意为“对某人来说最关心或最感兴趣的事”。如： Whats your main concerns as a writer? 身为作家，你对什么最感兴趣？ 三、常用搭配： concern oneself with / in / about sth. “忙于某事 / 关心某事 / 参与某事”。如： She concerns herself with social welfare. 她从事社会福利工作。 as / so far as sb. / sth. be concerned“就某人 / 某物而言”。如： As far as Im concerned, I dont object to your decision. 就我（个人）而言，我不反对你的决定。 be concerned in / with sth. “与某物有牵连”。如： He was concerned with the crime. 他与那起罪案有关。 be concerned to do sth.“把做某事视为自己的事情”。如： He is always concerned to help others.他总是把帮助别人看作是自己的事情。 show / express concern about / for “对表示关心、担心”。如： She showed a great deal of concern for her sons illness. 她非常担心她儿子的病情。 have a concern in / with. “与有利害关系”。如： I have no concern with that company.我与那家公司没什么关系。 be concerned about. / that. “关心；担心”。如： Im concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了。 四、同根词： concerned形容词，意为“有关的；担心的”。如： Concerned parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会。 concerning介词，意为“关于；有关”。如： Concerning his proposal, there are pros and cons. 关于他的提案，有赞成和反对两种意见。concerned，concerning 这两个词的词义并不相同，用法亦有异。 Concerned是分词形容词，其意为“有关的”（involved）；concerning是由分词转换而成的介词，其意为“关于”（relating to）。请看下面的例句： This agreement will be signed by the parties concemed 此协议将由各有关方面签署。 They called on all departments concemed to take prompt steps to promote the development of light industry 他们要求各有关部门迅速采取措施，促进轻工业发展。 由例句可见，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。但在verb“to be”之后而同样解作“关于”时，则要用be concerned with的形式，如： This book is concerned with English usage 此书是与英语惯用法有关。 值得注意的是，concern