关于汉译英常考语法点、搭配等问题给大家做如下总结.doc

四六级汉译英主要围绕基本语法、句法、搭配做文章，其本质是考查考生的语言基本功。六级翻译题要比四级翻译题难一些,主要难在填空的内容更长,句子更复杂。 关于汉译英常考语法点、搭配等问题给大家做如下总结：1. 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示所说为一种主观的愿望、假想或建议等，常常表达与事实相反的情况。虚拟条件句中,if引导的从句部分,做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去时和过去完成时）；主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/may。注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,使were/had提前,产生倒装。如：How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!=How nice it is had I slept a little more this morning! 除此以外,还有以下几种常考的虚拟语气： (1) 出现包含“建议,假设,应该”含义的词时,后面从句中要用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气（should一般省略）。如：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan, demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide, require, request, think, expect, believe, insist, suspect等。 (2) 一些形容词或名词引导的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况。如：important, necessary, essential, natural, strange, incredible, a pity, a shame, no wonder。而由lest, for fear that, in case 引导的从句中多使用should+动词原形。 (3) 常考的虚拟语气句型：Its (high) time (that).; would rather (that).,这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中使用一般过去时。2. 分词现在分词表示主动进行,过去分词表示被动状态。 (1)现在分词形式： 一般式： Do you see the man talking to the dean?(与谓语动词同步发生) 完成形式： Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生在谓语动词之前) 完成被动形式： Having been adapted, the script seems perfect. (发生在谓语动词之前且表示被动)(2) 过去分词形式： 过去分词表示被动： Fight no battle unprepared. 过去分词的进行形式： Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被讨论)这两种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。它们之间的一致关系主动还是被动,往往就是考点。独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与它前面的逻辑主语之间的主动、被动关系。3. 动名词动名词常考的点： (1) 动名词作主语,谓语动词为单数。 (2) 在动名词和不定式中,作介词的宾语时用动名词。 (3) 动名词的否定形式是直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格、物主代词或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。 (4) 有些词后只能接动名词。如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, entail, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, cant help, hinder, imagine, involve, keep, mean, mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, recall, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understand等。 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：Its no good, Its no/little/hardly any use, Its worthwhile, spend money/time, Theres no point in, Theres nothing worse than, Whats the use/point of. (5) 有些词后加不定式和动名词均可。但要注意remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式的意义截然不同。如：remember to do: I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)remember doing: I remembered posting/having posted the letters. (指做过的动作)try to do(努力): You really must try to overcome your shyness.try doing(尝试): Try practicing five hours a day.4. 不定式不定式常考的知识点： (1) 有些动词后只跟不定式。如：want, wish, hope, manage, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect,allow sb. to do, cause sb. to do, permit sb. to do, enable sb. to do, force sb. to do, warn sb. to do。 (2) 有时候to后面要接-ing形式。如： accustom (oneself) to, be accustomed to, face up to, in addition to, look forward to, object to, be reduced to, resign oneself to, be resigned to, resort to, sink to, be used to, be alternative to, be close/closeness to, be dedicated/dedication to, be oppose