英语中考复习时态系列之.doc

英语中考复习时态系列之一 一般现在时一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，是中考复习的重点。它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前. 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作， 一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词dont；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They dont have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?2） 单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesnt；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesnt speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有be动词的要在be上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isnt a good student. Is Danny a good student? 其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。 做题时常见错误如下：一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.答案：plant解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”专项练习：一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look 5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play二、单三人称形式易出错例：1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案：1 plays 2 goes 解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.三、在句式变换时易出错例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案：1 Does have 2 doesnt live 解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、对do的理解易出错例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案：dont do解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词dont。五、对主语的数判断有误例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.答案: is 解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is. 另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。英语中考复习时态系列之二 现在进行时作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。现在进行时表示1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.3、 某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,e.g. jump2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike. Is he buying a bike? He isnt buying a bike. 一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：专项训练：一 、单选1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont know.A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming答案：A C A B D二 、填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、 What_he _(mend)?3、 We _(play)games now.4、 What _you_(do) these days?5、 _he _(clean) the classroom?6、 Who_(sing)in the next room?7 、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing 5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing 一 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例：1、They are swiming.(swim) 2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案：1.swimming 2 .playing解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二 丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park. 2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案：1 are flying 2 isnt reading解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问) What are the students in the room?答案：What are the students doing in the room?解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“Whatdoing”?句式。四现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？ Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。英语中考复习时态系列之三 一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say? 另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其结构是主语+动词的过去式。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住. 其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday? 其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由last+时间构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由时间段+ago构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去. 常见错误如下: 一把动词变成过去式易出错 例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed. 二 忘记把动词变成过去式 例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记.专项练习:一 选择1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing.A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach 4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?- _.A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didnt C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper.- When _you_it?A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C 二 填空1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.8 When _you_(write)this book? I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat) the bread, I m full now.答案:1 were 2 was 3 didnt go 4 read 5 saw go 6 does ; didnt do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten三 在句式变换时易出错 例: 1 We didnt went (not go) out last Friday. 2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday? 答案: 1 didnt go 2 Did have 解析:请记住口诀见助动, 用原形.四 易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混 例: He taughts (teach) me English last year. 答案: taught 解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.五 易与现在完成时弄混 例: 我看过这部电影 I saw(see) the film. 答案: I have seen (see) the film. 解析:我看过这部电影说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时; 一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关.六 易与过去进行时弄混,这里不再重复.英语中考复习时态系列之四 过去进行时过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning. My mother was cooking when I got home. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing. 其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing. 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class. We werent working in class. Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.答案：was cooking 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。五、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。 I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.答案：was reading 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。 另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.专项训练：一 、单选1 What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2 I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.- Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.A home B had C was having D have had3 My mother _ while my father _TV.A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched4 When I got home, my son _ the music.A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 We heard a cry when we _ TV last night.A were watching B would watch C watch D watched6 She asked him whether he _ back for lunch.A come B was coming C came D had come7 Could you tell me when _?A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming8 The teacher _ when I came into the classroom.A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing 9 The pizza _ by my mother. Would you like to have some?A makes B was making C made D was made 10 Nobody noticed what she _ at the moment.A will do B was doing C has done D had done 11 Was it raining hard when you _ this morning?A left B leaves C was leaving D would leave 答案：1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 D 10 B 11 A 二 、填空1 _ they_ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?2 Mrs.Green _ _ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.3 Grandpa _ _ (mend) his clock when I reached home. 4 As I _ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.答案：1 were feeding 2 wasnt washing 3 was mending 4 was walking 英语中考复习时态系列之五 一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. 其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复. 第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom? 其时间状语有如下几种 1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语 如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。 做题时常见错误如下：一、易忽视动词用原形形式 例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school. 答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的 规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称. 二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚 例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。 I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. 答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams. 解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。专项练习：一、 单选1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes.A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C二、 填空1 -“I need some paper.” - “I _(bring)some for you.”2_(be)you free tomorrow?3 They _(not leave) until you come back.4 _we_(go) to the party together this afternoon?5 They want to know when the meeting _start.6 I _(go) with you if I have time.7 Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.8What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon?9 Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isnt free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in the party.答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 wont leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go 7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 wont take 三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have答案：A解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的. 四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to 例：Im going _(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C) A to will go B to go to C go to D to go 答案：B解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。 另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不再重复.英语中考复习时态系列之六 过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态是在某一过去时之后发生的动作我们可以理解为它是立足于过去，着眼于未来的一种时态E.g. Li Ming said that you would be happy if you heard from me. 过去将来时还可表示过去习惯性的动作E.g. Every evening Mr. Wang would go and talk with his students. 过去将来时常用在宾语从句中主句为过去时，从句表示将要发生的事情E.g. I didnt know if she would come. 它也常用于间接引语中E.g. He told me that he would go on a trip to Beijing the next day. 其结构为would/should +v. 第一人称用should，其它人称用wouldE.g. I hoped I should be well again very soon. My mother told me she would go shopping. 过去将来时也可以用was/were going to +v来表示E.g. He said that he was going to have a walk with his mother. 注意：go , come, leave, start等表示位置移动的动词，常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的事情E.g. He didnt say when he was coming. 常见错误是：在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中忘记用一般过去时代替过去将来时 例：He said that he was going to the Great Wall if it wouldnt rain (rain) the next Saturday. 答案：didnt rain 解析：条件状语从句和时间状语从句中一般不用过去将来时，而常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作 专项练习：一、单选1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet.- Well, he said he _here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come4Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend 答案：1 B 2 A 3C 4 D 二、填空1 She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.2 I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the nex