初中英语反意疑问句专项讲解简化版.doc

初中英语反意疑问句讲解一、定义：陈述句后加上一个与之相反的简短问句,这种句子叫反意疑问句.表示说话人对所陈述的事情有所怀疑或不肯定,想通过对方的回答加以肯定或否定.二、构成： 反意疑问句由两部分构成，前一部分是对事物的陈述，用陈述句形式；后一部分是简略的提问， 用简略的疑问形式。如果前一部分用肯定形式， 后一部分一般用否定形式；前一部分用否定形式，后一部分用肯定形式。 两部分的人称和时态要一致，两部分之间用逗号隔开。其回答是用yes或no来表示. 第一种结构:前面是肯定的陈述句，后面用否定的疑问，这种反意疑问句的回答与一般疑问句的回答方式一样. Eg:1.Its very cold today ,isnt it? Yes ,it is. No ,it isnt. 2.You are a teacher ,arent you? Yes, I am. No ,Im not. He live in the next room ,doesnt he ? Yes ,he does. No ,he doesnt. 第二种结构:前面是否定的陈述，后面是肯定的疑问，回答与汉语意思相反Eg:1.She isnt going to see the film ,is she ?Yes ,she is .No ,she isnt.(不,她要去。是的, 她不想去. ) 2You dont teach English , do you ? Yes, I do. No ,I dont. (不,我教英语.是的, 我不)三、翻译： 反意疑问句部分译成“这是真的吗？、是吗？对吗？是不是？、对不对？”等Eg:1）.You are a new classmate, arent you? 你是一名新同学，是吗？ 2）.You dont like fish, do you?你不喜欢鱼，对吗？ 四、反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何， 若事实是肯定的，就要用yes;事实是否定的，就用no;遵循这一原则，特别要注意的是，若前一部分为否定陈述句,答句译成汉语时,Yes译作“不”;No译作“是的”。Eg:1.He likes watching TV,doesnt he?他喜欢看电视，是吗？Yes,he does.是的，他喜欢看。No,he doesnt.不，他不喜欢。2.He isnt going to the park,is he?他不去公园，是吗？Yes,he is.不，他要去的 No,he isnt.对，他不去。3.You dont know the word,do you?你不认识那个单词，是吗？Yes,I do.不，我认识。No,I dont.是的，我不认识。五、前后句的人称：反意疑问句中,附加问句的主语通常应与陈述句中的主语在人称和数上保持一致.(即反意疑问句中, 附加问句的主语要用前面陈述句主语相对应的人称代词)Eg:1.You are from Austalia,arent you ? 2.Miss yang teaches us English , doesnt she ? 3.The guests are all here , arent you ?六、前后句的谓语动词：陈述句与附加问句的谓语动词,在形式和时态上都应保持一致,如陈述部分有be或情态动词),附加部分谓语则要用其相应形式.如陈述部分没有be(助动词或情态动词,那么附加部分要添加适当的助动词.Eg:1.He would like a cup of tea ,wouldt he ? 2.The cat can climb up the tree, cant it ? 3.The boy writes well, doesnt he ?特殊类型的反义疑问句一、主语是不定代词的反意疑问句1. 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, everyone ,anyone,anybody,somebody, someone, nobody, no one ,none，neither,等，附加问句主语常用复数they(强调全体)，有时也用单数he(强调个体)。eg:1).Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?) 2).Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 3).No one knows him, do they? 4).None is here， are they？ 没有人在这儿，对吗？ 5).Someone opened the door, didnt he/they? 有人开了门，是不是？2.陈述部分主语是不定代词something, anything everything, nothing, 附加问句的主语通常用it。eg:1).Everything is ready, isnt it? 2).Something is wrong with your watch， isnt it？你的手表出毛病了，不是吗？ 3).Nothing is too easy in the world, is it?二、there( be)结构的反意疑问句. 以there 开头的陈述句有两种情况：1.there be 句型时，其附加疑问句的主语用there. eg:1).There are some books on the table, arent there? 2).There will not be any trouble, will there? 3).T here is nothing wrong with the clock, is there? 4).There was a hospital here, wasnt there? 过去这儿有家医院，是吗2.如果陈述句的谓语动词为usedto,反意疑问句既可以用didnt（针对to后面的动词来变化）,也可以用usednt, Eg:Thereusedtobeabigtreeneartheriver, usednt there?3.当以表示“地点”的there 引导时，要用陈述句真实主语的相应代词形式作附加疑问句的主语，常有这两个句型：There live There stand Eg:1)There stand two trees on the hill, dont they? 2).There lived a poor old man in the woods, didnt he?三、Im结构的反意疑问句. 当陈述部分为Im.时,附加问句一般用arent I , 当陈述部分为Im not.时,附加问句一般用am I. Eg:1).Im reading now， arent I？ 我在读书，不是吗？ 2).I am not late, am I? 我没有迟到，对吗？四、祈使句的反意疑问句1.以动词原形开头的祈使句,其附加部分一般用will you ?若祈使句是肯定形式,附加问句可用will you, 也可用wont you, cant you,can you. 等. 若祈使句是否定形式,附加问句只能用will you. Eg:1. Look at the blackboard, will you/ wont you?看黑板，好吗? 2.Dont do that again, will you? 2.以lets 开头的祈使句 ,其附加问句用shall we (包括听话人在内)Eg: 1.Lets go home， shall we？ 回家吧，好吗？2. 以let us let me let him 开头的祈使句,其附加部分用will you . (不包括听话人在内, 而是向听话者提出建议)Eg: 1. Let me have a try, will you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.Let me have a look， will you ? 3.Let him speak first ,will you ? 五、含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句 1.当陈述部分是一个带有that从句作宾语的复合句,附加部分应与主句的主语和谓语保持一致.Eg:1.She say that you need help ,doesnt she ? 2.Tom said that he was late for school,didnt he ? 2.当主句的谓语动词是think,believe, suppose等,而主句的主语是I或 we时, 附加问句应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致.还要注意从句的否定前移.Eg:1.I think you are right ,arent you ? 2.I dont think she can swim ,can she ? 3 .当主句的谓语动词是think,believe, suppose等,而主句的主语不是I或 we,而是其他人称如you ,he等时, 附加问句应与主句的主语和谓语保持一致. Eg:She thought that they would go swimming ,didnt she ?六、含有情态动词must的反意疑问句.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，附加问句部分要根据must的意思而有所变化: 1. 如果must 作“必须或有必要”讲时，附加问句 须用mustnt或neednt. Eg 1.He must work hard at physics, mustnt he? 2.I must hand in my exercise book, mustnt I (neednt I) ?2.如果mustnt 表示”禁止“时 , 反意疑问句须用must. Eg:1.You mustnt draw on the wall ,must you ?3. 当陈述部分的must表示“一定是; 想必；必定” 等推测意义时,附加问句谓语应该和must后的动词相呼应.如果陈述部分中出现了具体的过去时间状语,附加问句就用过去时. Eg:1)He must be there,isnt he? 2)He must have a big family,doesnt he? 3)There must be some students in the room,arent there? 4）You must have studied English for three years, havent you? 5）He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 6）It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 七、感叹句的反意疑问句当陈述部分为感叹句时,附加问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式,主语与感叹句的主语一致. eg:1.What beautiful flowers， arent they？ 多漂亮的花，不是吗？ 2.What fine weather, isnt it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？八、陈述部分含有few，little，hardly，seldom ,never，not，no，no one，nobody，nothing，none, neither, nowhere等这些表示否定或半否定意义的词时及tooto句型时 ，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构 eg1.Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 2.The old man can hardly read, can he? 这位老人不识字，对吗？ 3.The Swede made no answer, did he / she? 4.Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doesheYes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.5.Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?Yes,thereis.No,thereisnt.6.Hecoulddonothing,couldhe?Yes,hecould.No,hecouldnt. 九、当陈述句部分带有un- ,in-, im- ,ir- ,dis- ,等否定前缀构成的派生词时，此陈述句当作肯定句， 其后的附加部分用否定形式。 Eg:1.The students were impolite, werent they? 2.Tom is unhappy today, isnt he? 3.She is careless ,isnt she?4.It is impossible, isnt it? 5.She dislikes smoking , doesnt she?6.He is not unkind to his classmates, is he ?十、其他一些特殊形式:1.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。 Eg:1).This is a plane, isnt it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？ 2).These are grapes，arent they? 这些是葡萄，是吗2. 陈述部分的主语为不定式、动名词、或从句时，附加问句的主语用 it . Eg:1).Reading in bed is bad for your eyes, isnt it? 2).What you need is more important,isnt it？你需要的东西更重要 3)To learn English well isnt easy ,isnt it ? 4).Whether they will come or not is very important,isnt it ?3.当陈述部分为并列句时，附加问句应采用就近原则,附加问句主谓语应和后一个分句一致. eg:1).Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? 2).I help Lucy with her Chinese ,and she helps me with my English, doesnt she? 4.当neither.nor. either.or. bothand not only but also 连接并列主语时，附加部分的主语常用复数代词。 Eg:1.Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 2.Not only Tom but also Bob has been there, havent they?6.当陈述句是I wish, 用以征