现在完成时和过去完成时的讲解打印版.doc

现在完成时的讲解和练习一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果1.I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) 2.Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)3.My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: (1.) 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。(2.) 以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。(3. )以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。(4.)以so far（到目前为止），before, up to now, in/during the past/last表示一段时间的词语 为标志，He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam before.她之前通过了考试He hasnt talked with me in the past/three days.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。for+时间段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词： 现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)5.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B .never C.ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li _？A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they goC. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？四 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice .4. He _ just _ (finish) his homework.5. _ the young woman ever _(travel) to England?6. _ each of you _(read) “Gone with the wind” yet?7. Have you _(get) any new CDs?8. My family have never _ (be) to Sanya.9. They _ ever _ (eat) fish and chips.10. I _ just _ (lose) my science book.11. Has Tom _ (finish) his work?12. I have already _ (read) this book.13. She hasnt _(return) her book yet.14. _ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.15. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.16. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.17. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.18. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.19. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.20. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 21. _ you _ (find) your science book yet? 过去完成时专项练习定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。它表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时。构成：过去完成时的构成: had +.(过去分词) 用法：1、 与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：by then, by before nine oclock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived 2、 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When I returned home, my guest had already left. I did not see the film because I had seen it before.3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.He asked what I had said.现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。练习：1. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 15.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living16. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived17. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to