论文资料-粉煤灰改性论文：粉煤灰改性处理氨氮废水实验研究.doc

荿蚀螆肃芅虿羈芈蚄蚈肀膁薀蚇膃莇蒆蚆袂腿莂蚆羅莅芈螅肇膈薆螄螇莃蒂螃衿膆莈螂肁莂莄螁膃芄蚃螁袃肇蕿螀羅芃蒅蝿肈肅莁袈螇芁芇袇袀肄薆袆羂艿蒂袅膄肂蒈袅袄莈莄袄羆膀蚂袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羁袁莄莀薈羃膇芆薇肅莂蚅薆袅膅薁薅羇蒁蒇薄聿芃莃薃膂肆蚁薂袁节薇蚂羄肅蒃蚁肆芀荿蚀螆肃芅虿羈芈蚄蚈肀膁薀蚇膃莇蒆蚆袂腿莂蚆羅莅芈螅肇膈薆螄螇莃蒂螃衿膆莈螂肁莂莄螁膃芄蚃螁袃肇蕿螀羅芃蒅蝿肈肅莁袈螇芁芇袇袀肄薆袆羂艿蒂袅膄肂蒈袅袄莈莄袄羆膀蚂袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羁袁莄莀薈羃膇芆薇肅莂蚅薆袅膅薁薅羇蒁蒇薄聿芃莃薃膂肆蚁薂袁节薇蚂羄肅蒃蚁肆芀荿蚀螆肃芅虿羈芈蚄蚈肀膁薀蚇膃莇蒆蚆袂腿莂蚆羅莅芈螅肇膈薆螄螇莃蒂螃衿膆莈螂肁莂莄螁膃芄蚃螁袃肇蕿螀羅芃蒅蝿肈肅莁袈螇芁芇袇袀肄薆袆羂艿蒂袅膄肂蒈袅袄莈莄袄羆膀蚂袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羁袁莄莀薈羃膇芆薇肅莂蚅薆袅膅薁薅羇蒁蒇薄聿芃莃薃膂肆蚁薂袁节薇蚂羄肅蒃蚁肆芀荿蚀螆肃芅虿羈芈蚄蚈肀膁薀蚇膃莇蒆蚆袂腿莂蚆羅莅芈螅肇膈薆螄螇莃蒂螃衿膆莈螂肁莂莄螁膃芄蚃螁袃肇蕿螀羅芃蒅蝿肈肅莁袈螇芁芇袇袀肄薆袆羂艿蒂袅膄肂蒈袅袄莈莄袄羆膀蚂袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羁袁莄莀薈羃膇芆薇肅莂蚅薆袅膅薁薅羇蒁蒇薄聿芃莃薃膂 粉煤灰改性论文：粉煤灰改性处理氨氮废水实验研究【中文摘要】随着工农业生产的发展和人民生活水平的提高,氨氮排放量急剧增加,对水体造成了严重的污染。氨氮废水传统的处理方法存在投资运行费用高、易受温度影响等缺点,寻找低成本、高效、稳定脱除氨氮的方法是解决氨氮污染的关键。粉煤灰是火力发电厂的产物,由于缺乏有效的利用,导致粉煤灰污染严重。粉煤灰的物理化学性质使得其具有一定的吸附性能,近年来人们将氨氮废水处理与粉煤灰利用综合考虑,并取得了一定的理论研究成果,但普遍存在一个问题即粉煤灰的吸附容量不高。为了提高粉煤灰的吸附性能,本文尝试通过三种方式即添加助剂煅烧、酸洗、碱洗对粉煤灰进行改性,研究结果发现,碱改性粉煤灰的吸附性能优于其他两种方式改性的粉煤灰。XRD和SEM表征结果表明,在碱性条件下,粉煤灰中有新的矿物相沸石生成,沸石对NH4+有较强的离子交换作用,从而能达到提高氨氮去除率的。对碱改性粉煤灰进行了氨氮吸附工艺条件的研究,实验得出碱改性粉煤灰吸附氨氮的最佳工艺条件为:对100mL起始浓度为50mg/L的氨氮废水,当粉煤灰的投加量为2g,废水pH值为7,搅拌时间为20min时,改性粉煤灰对氨氮的脱除率可达70.86%。为进一步探讨粉煤灰吸附氨氮的机理,本文从动力学角度研究了改性粉煤灰对氨氮的吸附过程。研究表明,改性粉煤灰对氨氮的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;氨氮的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程;动边界模型拟合结果表明,液膜扩散是粉煤灰吸附氨氮的主要速率控制步骤;根据Dunwald-Wagner公式,可估算出吸附过程的有效扩散系数Dc为6.610-8cm2/s。为验证改性粉煤灰处理实际氨氮废水的可行性,在静态实验的基础上进行了氨氮的动态吸附实验。实验结果表明,粉煤灰的填充剂量越大、流速越小、起始氨氮浓度越小,填充柱的穿透时间越长。本实验的研究结果可以为实际工业化运用提供基础性研究资料,不仅可解决粉煤灰引起的环境污染问题,且由于粉煤灰廉价易得,若将其用于废水处理中,还可以降低废水处理成本,提高粉煤灰的利用价值,达到以废治废的,具有很高的经济和社会效益。【英文摘要】With the development of industry and agriculture and improvement of peoples living standard, ammonia-nitrogen emissions increased dramatically. It caused serious pollution to the water. Traditional treatments of NH3-N wastewater have some shortcomings, such as high investment and operating cost and vulnerability to the influence of the temperature. Searching for the method of low cost, high efficiency, stable removing ammonia nitrogen is the key to solve NH3-N pollution. Fly ash is power plants emissions. Due to lack of effective comprehensive utilization, it caused serious pollution to environment.The chemical and physical properties of fly ash make it has certain adsorption performance. In recent years, people have taken NH3-N wastewater treatment and fly ash utilization into comprehensive consideration and have obtained certain theoretical research achievements. But there is a universal question that fly ash adsorption capacity is not high.In order to improve the adsorbent ability of fly ash, this study took three waysadding fluxing agent calcining, acid pickling and alkali cleaning to modify fly ash. The research concluded that the adsorption of alkali modified fly ash was superior to that of the other two ways. XRD and SEM results indicated that fly ash can partly convert to new mineral phaseszeolite in alkaline conditions. Zeolite has a strong iron exchange to NH4+ so that modified fly ash can improve the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate. This paper also carries out the optimal process conditions of alkali modified fly ash removing NH3-N wastewater, and the results showed that under the condition that the initial NH3-N concentration of waste water was 50mg/L, stirring time was 20min and pH value was 7, the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was up to 70.86%. To further discuss the mechanism of fly ash adsorbing ammonia nitrogen, adsorption process was discussed from kinetic point of view in this experiment, the equilibrium adsorption data fitted to Langmuir isotherms; the adsorption processes of NH4+ followed a pseudo-second- order kinetic model; Moving Boundary Model analysis showed that the adsorption rate of NH4+ was mainly governed by liquid film diffusion; with the linearization of Dnwald-Wagner formula, estimated the effective diffusion coefficient(Dc) was 6.610-8cm2/s.To validate the feasibility of fly ash to deal with practical NH3-N wastewater, dynamic adsorption experiments were performed on the basis of static experiment. The results showed that penetration time would be longer under the conditions of lower adsorbent, lower flow rates and lower NH3-N concentration.This experiment research results can provide basic research materials for practical industrialization use. Not only the environmental pollution caused by fly ash can be solved, but also the wastewater treatment cost can be reduced and the use value of fly ash can be improved. As a result, the goal of using waste to treat waste can be achieved with high economic and social benefits.【关键词】粉煤灰改性 氨氮废水 离子交换 动力学【英文关键词】modified fly ash NH3-N wastewater iron exchange kinetics【目录】粉煤灰改性处理氨氮废水实验研究论文摘要4-6Abstract6-7第一章 绪论10-251.1 粉煤灰概述10-141.1.1 粉煤灰的产生101.1.2 粉煤灰的理化特性10-121.1.3 粉煤灰的危害12-131.1.4 粉煤灰的综合利用现状13-141.2 粉煤灰在水处理中的运用14-191.2.1 粉煤灰处理废水的机理14-161.2.2 粉煤灰的改性方法概述16-181.2.3 改性粉煤灰在处理中的运用现状18-191.3 氨氮污染现状及处理技术19-231.3.1 氨氮污染的来源19-201.3.2 氨氮的危害20-211.3.3 氨氮废水的处理技术21-231.4 课题研究背景、主要内容23-251.4.1 课题研究的背景、意义23-241.4.2 主要研究内容241.4.3 研究技术路线24-25第二章 改性粉煤灰的制备与筛选25-342.1 引言252.2 实验部分25-292.2.1 实验仪器及药品25-262.2.2 实验试剂配制26-272.2.3 粉煤灰来源272.2.4 测定项目27-282.2.5 氨氮浓度分析方法28-292.3 实验结果与讨论29-332.3.1 粉煤灰预处理及烧失量的测定29-302.3.2 碳酸钠及其浓度对氨氮去除率的影响30-312.3.3 氢氧化钠及其浓度对氨氮去除率的影响31-322.3.4 盐酸及其浓度对氨氮去除率的影响32-332.4 本章小结33-34第三章 粉煤灰的表征34-433.1 引言343.2 粉煤灰的XRD 表征34-373.2.1 实验仪器及方法343.2.2 实验结果分析与讨论34-373.3 粉煤灰的BET 表征37-383.3.1 实验仪器及方法37-383.3.2 实验结果分析与讨论383.4 粉煤灰的SEM 表征38-413.4.1 实验仪器及方法38-393.4.2 实验结果分析与讨论39-413.5 碱改性粉煤灰吸附氨氮的机理413.6 本章小结41-43第四章 改性粉煤灰吸附氨氮废水静态实验43-494.1 引言434.2 实验部分43-444.2.1 实验仪器434.2.2 实验材料及分析方法43-444.3 实验结果分析与讨论44-484.3.1 改性粉煤灰投加量对吸附效果的影响444.3.2 搅拌时间对吸附效果的影响44-454.3.3 pH 对吸附效果的影响45-464.3.4 起始氨氮浓度对吸附效果的影响46-474.3.5 废水有机物浓度对吸附效果的影响47-484.4 本章小结48-49第五章 改性粉煤灰吸附氨氮的吸附等温线及动力学研究49-595.1 引言495.2 实验仪器与材料495.2.1 实验仪器495.2.2 实验材料495.3 改性粉煤灰对氨氮的吸附等温线49-525.3.1 Freundlich 吸附等温式50-515.3.2 Langmuir 吸附等温式51-525.4 改性粉煤灰吸附氨氮的动力学研究52-576.4.1 伪一级动力学方程52-535.4.2 伪二级动力学方程53-545.4.3 动力学方程分析54-555.4.4 吸附速率控制步骤及有效扩散系数55-575.5 本章小结57-59第六章 改性粉煤灰吸附氨氮的动态实验研究59-646.1 引言596.2 动态吸附实验装置图59-606.3 影响穿透曲线因素的考察60-626.3.1 装柱粉煤灰剂量