研究生上学期英语复习学习资料学习资料.docVIP

Unit 1 Culture1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.2. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3. And studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large.4. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted.5. There is no stand or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies.6. Some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.7. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers cases.8. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring.1. There appears so many phenomenon that defy common sense in science study.2. Access to secret document is denied to all but few.3. The two most important ingredients in making a cake are flour and sugar.4. The government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans and industrial development.5. They committed immense crimes to the country and the people.6. Education is compulsory for all school-age children in many a country.7. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, a breakthrough leading to a successful treatment could come sooner.8. Many people think that the standards of public morality have declined.9. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full capacity.10. These recommendations will need to be justified to the committee before they can be implemented.1. Concerning the second goal of science education - the training of future scientists and engineers, it appears that the less structured American approach to science education, which leaves behind the vast majority, still manages to encourage and catch the scientifically talented ones.Concerning online courses, it appears that they inhibit rather than promote good education.2. Market forces therefore compel curricular organization to be centered on student “customers”.China, with a large population, a weak economic foundation and unbalance development, is still the largest developing country in the world, which compels its task to be centered on promoting economic and social development while continuously improving its peoples life.3. This is attributed to the fact that schools in the United States do not require high-level science classes, and teachers, instead of fostering understanding of new concepts, tend to simply state them.This is attributed to the fact that, instead of creating students ability, the current education tends to prepare students for exam.4. Many factors contribute to Americans scientific and economic success.Many factors contribute to the rapid progress in education, science and technology, culture, health, sports and other undertakings.5. American may be considered as either a land of opportunity in which talents flourish in ways that are difficult at home or as a sly merchant who lures the best and the brightest by paying more and offering better laboratory facilities.The country may be considered as either a land of opportunity or as a land where opportunity does not exist.1. 公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘,而且能引起广泛关注,激励人们采取行动The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable - they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2. 大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量,他们是否精于知识的运用,是否接受了扎实的基础教育,是否在某一特殊领域称职The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the students performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.3. 美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间,让我们沉思找到灵感,以助我们更好地旅行The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.4. 在知识之旅上,你们不是独行者我们有出色的师资和员工他们致力于求知和理解,将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们Youll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5. 人们的生活离不开自然,这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则然而,人们不能在自然中生活而不对其加以改造People cannot live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists. And yet, people cannot live in nature without change it.6. 世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争,对教育提出了强有力的挑战Flying development of science and technology worldwide, as well as intensity competition in economic and technological fields has addressed a tough challenge to education.7. 由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用,包装行业目前受到了从未有过的严格监督The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfilling and increase recycling.8. 中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距,因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推行可持续发展战略There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology. So it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.Unit 3 Economics1. But more significantly, it will deliver materials and machines into space for industrial purposes unimagined two decades ago when “sputnik” was added to be vocabulary.2. There are occasions when giving a gift surpasses spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.3. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of homogeneous grouping is advisable.4. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.5. It is best not to dwell on your misfortunes.6. Although great natural barriers hindered east-west development in Canada, this circumstance was mitigated by the mighty river and lake systems that provided avenues for the fur trader, missionary soldier, and settler.7. The virus replicates by attaching to a call and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell.8. Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research indicates that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.9. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a tribute to nature - a romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature.10. The detective investigating the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the crime, and scrutinized the weapon for clues.1. Just as remarkable, given its size and success, Wal-Mart looks set for yet another spurt of growth in the next few years.Just as surprising, given his small size, George won the race.2. In fact, Wal-Marts success has varied a great deal, depending on local conditions.In fact, class attendance has varied dramatically, depending on weather condition.3. Per head of population, Oklahoma has six times as many Wal-Marts as California.Per acre, Oregon has as many trees as Washington.4. And though it has tried to keep labour costs down, it has been good for most of its employees because many are immigrants, part-timers or older people who might not otherwise have found a job.And though it has tried new techniques, it has been slow to succeed.5. Eventually, one of these competitors is likely to match, or even to surpass Wal-Mart, just as IBM, Xerox and General Motors - once even more dominant in their industries - have been beaten in the past by companies that learned from them.Eventually, ice cream is likely to become more healthy, or even to include vitamins, just as milk products have been enhanced.有人说这世界是男人的天下,然而,根据市场调查公司NPD的研究,大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主的人们早就知道,家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主,但这次对美国5.1万个家庭所做的调查却表明,其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野根据调查结果,在挑选电影餐馆和电视节目的时候,男人也会听从女人的意见此外,调查数据还表明,由女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来实际上,男人只在选购个人电子产品买家用轿车以及制订家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔科恩说,购买行为中的性别差异对广告业传媒业以及培训行业来说意义重大他说:“管理品牌推销产品或是从事广告工作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化”Some say its a mans world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. Its long been accepted that women pick out most of the clothes for the family and decide on home furnishings, but this study of 51000 U.S. households showed some surprising facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies, restaurants and television shows, according to the survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets. The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. “Anyone whos managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics”, Cohen said.Unit 5 Sport1. In the Spring Export Commodities Fair, the array of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.2. We should make a clear distinction between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.3. Fortune-tellers are good at making ambiguous statements such as “Your sorrows will change.”4. Diamonds have little intrinsic value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.5. The court considers a financial penalty to be an appropriate way of punishing him.6. The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an illusion.7. We are doing this work in the context of reforms in the economic, social and cultural sphere.8. Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of peering at people.9. What the correspondence sent us is an authentic news report. We can depend on it.10. In primitive times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.1. We still want to belong or be accepted by our peers, we all still want to be loved, we still feel emotional pain, and we still find ourselves giving in to immediate gratification when we know better. And yes, some of us still lie and cheat in our normal day to day lives.Our human beings are one of thousands of species in the world. We still have the common nature of all the others. We all still have the sense of achievement when something is done well. We still have the instinct to survive when a sudden danger comes, and we still behave savagely when we are invaded. And yes, some of us still have the desire to conquer when we lose what we want.2. We get to pretend that the game we are watching is life, where everything is perfectly fair, everyone plays by the rules and everything makes sense.We get to pretend that we are still in our childhood, where everything is strange to us, everyone around us will give us some pocket-money, and everything is so simple that we need not to think a lot.3. A sport game is a sort of story. There is a beginning and an end. There is a protagonist (your team) and an antagonist (the other team). There is a scene and setting, the stadium at noon, and there is a plot, which is the action.The history is a sort of mirror. There is good person and bad person. There is justice and evil. There is experience that we can learn from, and there is warning that we can take.4. Our basic flight or flight mentality is manifested in sports. We can relate, on some deeper and unconscious level, with the guy running with the football towards the end zone and being chased by a pack of angry men. We can understand what it feels like to check another player in hockey and slam him into the boards. Or we can sympathize with the NASCAR driver who gets passed by a competitor, but throws it into a higher gear and chases after him.Our mentally is manifested when we are appreciating a painting. We can breathe the fresh air when looking at the green leaves. We can bear the sweet voice when looking at the singing birds. Or we can smell the fragrance when looking at the colorful flowers.5. Sports fit the bill. It gives us the illusion of reality where there are no consequences. It gives us the illusion of battle, war, victory and defeat, without the consequences. And it gives us the illusion of being a child again, even if its all temporary.Playing basketball fits the bill. It gives me the illusion of fighting, with others and with myself, without consequences. It gives me the illusion of success and failure where there are no consequences. And it gives me the illusion of flying with the basketball in the clear sky.1. 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.2. 数月来他经历挫折而不断努力,终于有了收获After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded.3. 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚She made her meaning crystal clear.4. 像大多数的夫妻一样,他俩的婚姻波折迭起,但生活就是这样Like most married couples they have had their ups and downs, but life is like that.5. 经过寒冷的冬天,大家都渴望天气有所好转Everyone is yearning for the weather to change, after this code winter.6. 这个广告是针对儿童设计的This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.7. 这种骚扰仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已This riot is only one manifestation of peoples discontent.8. 原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.Unit 7 Automobile Engineering1. Prejudicing vital foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic equivalent in the inflated awards paid to accident and malpractice victims.2. Combustion within the populace slowly built up to the point of revolution.3. I told the judge that I could not perceive any difference between the two coins.4. The aero plane was a bit bumpy at times and one or two were sick.5. They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid stance on non-violence.6. The tutor told his students to prune an article of its superfluities.7. Sir Alexander Fleming stumbles on his great discovery of penicillin quite by accident.8. She won by default, because her opponent refused to play.9. I always replenish my food supply before it is deplete.10. With success and prosperity, John was finally able to flaunt.1. Who decided that driving a car was a right? Who decided it was reasonable for ordinary people to drive?Who decided soul control your mind? Who decided mind control your heart? Who decided heart control your steps? Who decided steps follow the path?2. Like all addicts we see we have a need for our addiction and we are blind to all reason.The new president said we had a need for cleaning up and we were blind to all complaints.3. The point is not to travel, but to be seen to travel, not to travel fast but to be seen to have the option.The intent of catching ringers in exams is not to catch everyone but to catch enough to spread the word; not to punish them but to educate them.4. I do not believe that freedom is a virtue in and of itself.The process is an act of worship in and of itself.5. Life is a hereditary disease with a 100% fatal prognosis but that does not mean we should not take reasonable strides to avoid death when we can.I cherish our friendship much but that does not mean l can sacrifice my dignity for it.Historically, Jeeps reputation as a go - anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company, carried allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.The Macquarie dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Armys decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep” from the pronunciation of the letters GP, and because a trademark owned by the Willys company.Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number and style modals available. Chrysler says the Jeeps war - time reputation and rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction (known commercially as 4WD) for which the army jeep was famous.在历史上,吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世这种美名可以追溯到二战期间,当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场麦氏汽车驾驶大全一书认为,“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP(for General Purpose)即多功能车之意而后,GP这两个字母的读音被误读成为“吉普”,并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有,此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备,提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象该公司说,吉普为休闲,越野车开发了新市场,它有强劲的4轮牵引装置(商业上称为4轮驱动),过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方1. 汽车诞生后发展很快,不久就代替了马(displace)The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.2. 由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体,甚至杀人,我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统(mass transmit systems)We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transmit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.3. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好更为便利的交通时,它也应对诸如空气污染交通事故交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责(be guilty of)While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.4. 美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的(be noted for)Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.5. 要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量,那该多好啊(if only)If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.6. 在美国,高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能(from coast to coast)A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the United Sta