国际贸易各章重点总结.doc

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第一章1国际贸易 国际贸易是指世界各国之间进行的商品和劳务的买卖与交换活动。它既包括本国与他国之间的贸易活动，也包括其他国家之间的贸易活动。国际贸易是由各国的对外贸易所构成，它是世界各国对外贸易的总和。因此，国际贸易通常也被称作世界贸易。2.对外贸易 对外贸易是指一个国家（或地区）与其他国家（或地区）进行的商品和劳务的买卖与交换活动。因为这是从一个国家（或地区）的角度来看待的贸易活动，所以称其为对外贸易。3.出口依存度 一定时期内国内出口总值占国内生产总值(GDP)的比例，它反映一国国民经济活动与世界经济活动的联系程度，其越高，说明该国国民经济对世界经济的依赖程度越高。4.对外贸易依存度 对外贸易依存度也称外贸系数，是指一国在一定时期内的对外贸易总额（进口额与出口额之和）在该国国民生产总值（或国内生产总值）中所占的比重。 外贸依存度可以细分为出口贸易依存度和进口贸易依存度；还可以细分为对某些国家的贸易依存度。5.贸易条件 贸易条件是指一国在一定时期内的出口商品价格与进口商品价格之间的比率，又称为“进出口交换比价”。人们通常用计算一国贸易条件指数的方法来了解该国贸易条件的变化情况。计算公式如下： 贸易条件指数=出口价格指数 进口价格指数 1006. 贸易差额贸易差额，是指一个国家或地区在一定时间（时间通常为一年），出口贸易总额与进口贸易总额相比的差额。如果出口额大于进口额，叫做贸易逆差或者贸易盈余，有成出超；如果出口额小于进口额，叫做贸易逆差或者贸易赤字，又称入超。7.间接贸易 间接贸易是指商品生产国和消费国没有直接发生贸易关系，而是通过第三国买卖商品的行为。商品通过第三国销售到消费国，对生产国来说是间接出口，对消费国来说是间接进口。8. 贸易额与贸易量贸易额与贸易量，是以货币表示的反应贸易规模的经济指标。9、转口贸易转口贸易，是间接贸易的主要表现形式。商品生产国与商品消费国通过第三国进行贸易，对第三国来讲，属转口贸易。1