小学英语语法总结.doc

一、时态小结时态定义特征动词的变化规则一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作.every day/morning/usually第三人称单数的变化情况:1.一般情况在词尾直接加-s2.以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作.now/ look/ listen现在分词的变化情况:1.一般情况在词尾直接加-ing2.以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing3.以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况.yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/montha minute ago/an hour agothis morning/afternoon/evening动词过去式的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed2. 以e结尾的词加-d3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed一般将来时表示将要发生的事情tomorrowthe day after tomorrow/the next day/Mondayat the weekend/tonighttomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形be +形容词凡是在must, mustnt, can, cant, lets, dont, may，will后的一定要用动词的原形二、名词的复数。名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级。形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2.以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6.good-better-best四、be 动词,助动词。现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, werent, wasnt助动词形式有: do, does, did, dont, doesnt, didnt 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”； 否定 过去 否定am-am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is -was wasntis isnt (第三人称) are were werentarearent (you和其它人称)2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词； 否定 过去 过去否定do-dont diddidntdoes(第三人称单数)doesnt diddidnt五人称代词主语物主代词宾格形容词性名词性Imymineme sheherhersher hehishishim ititsitsitYouyouryoursyou weouroursus theytheirtheirsthem六特殊疑问词WhatWhat is this? What is this in English?What is the matter? What is the weather like?What is the country like? What is she/he/What do you like? What does he do?What do you have for? What colour?What class? What grade?What time? What day?What do/does/did+?How are you? How old? How How many?How much? How long? How do/does/did+?Which +n.+ （be动词/助动词）+?Whose+ n.+ （be动词/助动词）+?Where+ v. （be动词/助动词）+sb. +?When +v. （be动词/助动词）+ sb.+?Who +v. （be动词/助动词/行为动词）+sb.+?Why +v. （be动词/助动词）+ sb. +?有can, will, must这几个词的句子，所有的句型转换都在此词变化。分享： 标签: 小升初汇总英语语法 上一篇: 留学非洲，体验不同人生下一篇: 基础不好的孩子如何备战小升初奥数1.人称代词主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y变i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式Most nouns + s a book booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a storystoriesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glassglasses a watch-watchesNouns ending in o +s or +es a pianopianos a mangomangoesNouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 缩略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he isits = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not etc6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间： at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.(3)一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.11. there be 结构肯定句： There is a There are 一般疑问句:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否定句： There isnt . There arent.12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.形式： be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.动词 ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walkwalkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing comecomingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run running swimswimming14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式：肯定句：I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑问句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.否定句： We dont go to school on Sundays.My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening.15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。eg:1. I / He / She / They can sing.2.You should keep quiet in the library.16. 一般过去时态(a) be 动词的过去式:I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were.一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。(b) 动词过去式：肯定句： I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didnt.否定句： They didnt go the the part yesterday.He didnt make model ships last week.(3)动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ied eg : studystudiedShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop -stopped不规则动词的变化：is/amwas,arewere,dodid,have/hashad,makemade,fly-flew/u:/eatate,taketook,runran,singsang,drinkdrank 等等17. “Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the y