电力系统计算报告.docx

电力系统计算报告院 （系） 电气工程及自动化 授 课 教 师 胡林献 姓 名 张远实 学 号 13S106052 P-Q分解潮流法简述P-Q分解潮流法的基本原理、计算过程、计算框图。用C语言编制P-Q分解法潮流程序，并用电科院6机22节点系统加以验证。要求采用稀疏技术、因子表技术和节点优化技术，并考虑负荷静态特性。P-Q分解潮流法的基本原理：P-Q分解法即是基于采用极坐标形式表示的牛顿法，其根据电力系统实际运行状态的线路参数R/X通常很小的情况，对求解修正量的修正方程系数矩阵加以简化，使其变为常数阵(即所谓的等斜率)，且 P、Q迭代解耦。这样可减少每次迭代的计算时间，提高计算速度，又不影响最终结果，因此是通常选用的一种方法。但在低电压配电网中，当线路 R/X比值很大时，可能出现不收敛情况，此时应考虑更换其它方法。计算过程：1、 形成有功迭代和无功迭代的简化雅克比矩阵 和 2、 给定PQ节点的初值和各节点电压相角初值3、 作有功迭代，计算，解修正方程，得各节点电压相角的修正值。4、 作无功迭代，计算，解修正方程，得各节点电压幅值的修正量。5、 返回第三步，继续迭代到满足要求为止。计算框图流程：YY输入原始数据形成矩阵 及 并进行三角分解设PQ节点电压初值，各节点电压相角初值制迭代计数k=0用公式计算不平衡功率，计算 置解修正方程求 置用公式计算不平衡功率，计算置解修正方程求置 计算平衡节点功率及全部线路功率输出YY算例描述用电科院6机22节点算例进行验证，详细参数和网络拓扑图如下所示表1 线路参数支路号首末端节点号支路电阻支路电抗对地电纳/217-80.01060.07400.027-90.01470.10400.038-90.00340.01310.049-220.05590.21800.1954512-130.002450.02551.395614-190.00340.02000.0716-190.05780.21800.1887816-200.01630.06620.2353916-210.03740.17800.1641016-180.00330.03330.01119-210.01140.03700.01220-220.02140.08590.30081321-220.01500.06070.2198148-220.05370.19000.16531511-120.00330.03431.08797表2 变压器支路数据支路号首末端节点号电阻电抗变比17-10.00.01501.05029-20.00.02171.075322-30.00.01241.100419-40.00.06401.025518-50.00.03751.050617-60.00.03371.000710-90.0-0.0021.000811-100.00.01801.000915-120.00.01801.0001017-130.00.01001.0001115-140.0-0.0021.0001216-170.00.00101.027表3 并联电容器数据节点号电纳12-1.3665160.5017611-1.366512-1.3665表4 母线功率数据母线号发电机输出有功发电机输出无功负荷有功负荷无功15.96311.73550.000.00263.20.000.0000.0000.0054.33.340.000.006-0.011.00.000.0070.000.000.000.0080.000.002.871.4490.000.003.762.21100.000.000.000.00110.000.000.000.00120.000.000.000.00130.000.000.000.00140.000.000.000.00150.000.000.000.00160.000.005.02.9170.000.000.000.00180.000.004.32.6190.000.000.8640.662200.000.000.7190.474210.000.000.70.5220.000.002.2651.69表5 无功可调母线数据母线号电压幅值（标幺值）无功下限值无功上限制11.0-51031.0-5561.0-56表6 发电机参数母线号暂态电抗转子惯性时间常数阻尼系数发电机有功出力下限发电机有功出力上限10.0150140.820.00316.520.038230.000.001.26.630.039679.500.001.58.2540.121015.680.0048039.200.001.025.6160.19762.620.000.21.1图1 电科院6机22节点系统图计算结果I V CA PL QL PG QG1 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 5.96312 1.735492 0.97384 -11.311893 0.00000 0.00000 6.00000 3.200003 1.00000 -27.459057 0.00000 0.00000 3.10000 3.147314 1.02190 -25.168610 0.00000 0.00000 1.60000 0.700005 1.04392 -28.205656 0.00000 0.00000 4.30000 3.340006 1.00000 -37.566566 0.00000 0.00000 -0.01000 0.916647 1.02697 -5.247170 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.000008 0.96847 -19.788813 -2.87000 -1.44000 0.00000 0.000009 0.98081 -19.738201 -3.76000 -2.21000 0.00000 0.0000010 0.97985 -19.304344 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000011 0.99050 -23.173771 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000012 0.99359 -30.499034 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000013 0.98198 -35.528090 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000014 1.00020 -30.695861 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000015 1.00103 -30.720282 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000016 0.99308 -27.750976 -5.00000 -2.90000 0.00000 0.0000017 0.96911 -37.546641 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000018 0.98360 -37.696751 -4.30000 -2.60000 0.00000 0.0000019 1.00776 -31.018334 -0.86400 -0.66200 0.00000 0.0000020 1.01475 -35.674534 -0.71900 -0.47400 0.00000 0.0000021 1.101546 -32.104404 -0.70000 -0.50000 0.00000 0.0000022 1.05792 -29.749725 -2.26500 -1.69000 0.00000 0.00000I J PIJ QIJ PJI QJI1 7 5.96312 1.73549 -5.96312 -1.156932 9 6.00000 3.20000 -6.00000 -2.141953 22 3.10000 3.14731 -3.10000 -2.905314 19 1.60000 0.70000 -1.60000 -0.513085 18 4.30000 3.34000 -4.30000 -2.319866 17 -0.01000 0.91664 0.01000 -0.888337 8 3.48120 0.74380 -3.35384 0.145337 9 2.48191 0.41314 -2.39368 0.211128 9 -0.28186 -0.83922 0.28470 0.850168 22 0.76571 -0.74611 -0.71214 0.595619 10 3.63860 -0.48476 -3.63860 0.456749 22 0.71038 -0.64457 -0.66894 0.3995110 11 3.63860 -0.45674 -3.63860 0.7088611 12 3.38055 -2.04951 -3.59392 -1.1859912 13 3.38055 -1.10216 -3.35200 -1.3230612 15 0.21337 -0.40993 -0.21337 0.4138313 17 3.35200 1.32306 -3.35200 -1.1883914 15 -0.21337 0.41339 0.21337 -0.4138314 19 0.21337 -0.41339 -0.21264 0.4177216 17 -3.34200 -2.06023 3.34200 2.0767116 18 0.00027 0.28284 -0.00000 -0.2801416 19 -0.51158 -0.08567 0.52751 -0.2319916 20 -0.59323 -0.39926 0.59959 -0.0495816 21 -0.55346 -0.14284 0.56509 -0.1326619 21 0.42113 -0.33465 -0.41788 0.3451920 22 -1.31859 -0.42442 1.35499 -0.0758421 22 -0.84721 -0.71254 0.86108 0.29604源程序#include math.h#include stdio.h#define NS2000/最大节点数#define NS2NS * 2#define NS41000/NS4、NS必须大于2*zls。#define ZS3000/最大支路数#define ZS2ZS * 2#define DKS200/最大电抗器数#define N2ZS * 4#define N3ZS * 8 + NS * 4 FILE *fp1, *fp2;char inname12, outname12;/fp1输入数据文件指针fp2输出文件指针/inname输入数据文件名outname输出数据文件名int n, zls, nb, mdk, mpj, bnsopton, it1, dsd, kk2, nzls;/节点总数n(包括联络节点) 支路数(回路数)zls 节点数nb(发电机和负荷) /接地电抗数mdk精度eps 平衡节点号mpj /节点优化(标志)bnsopton(=0节点不优化，!=0节点优化) /最大迭代次数it1 最低电压或最大功率误差节点号dsd/负荷静特性标志(=0考虑负荷静特性)/支路数(双回线算一条支路)int izlZS, jzlZS, idkDKS, ydsNS, ydzNS, iyZS2;/izl,jzl,idk:分别存放左、右节点号和电抗器节点号。/yds存放各行非零非对角元素的个数。/ydzi是第 i 行第一个非零非对角元素的首地址，/即在所有非零非对角元素中的次序号/ iy存放列足码。int nnewNS4, oldNS, nobNS, nobtNS;/nnew,old存放的是新、旧节点号。/nnewi中为i对应的新号/nob存放的是节点号。nobt存放的是节点类型, 0: pq节点, -1: pv节点。double eps, dsm, vmin, dph, dqh, af3;/eps迭代收敛精度，dsm最大功率误差/vmin:系统最低电压值。dph,dqh:系统有、无功损耗。/af0和af1分别是负荷有功功率、无功功率静态特性系数。double v00;/ v00: 系统平均电压ci,cj分别作为节点i,j的电压相角的临时存储单元。double zrZS, zxZS, zykZS, dkkDKS, giiNS, biiNS, ygZS2, ybZS2;double pgNS, qgNS, plNS, qlNS, v0NS, vNS, vaNS;/支路电阻zr支路电抗zx输电线路充电容纳zyk(y0/2)/接地电抗dkk对角元实部gii对角元虚部/非对角元实部yg非对角元虚部yb/pg,qg,pl,ql:发电机，负荷功率实、虚部/ v是电压幅值,va是电压相角。double wNS2, kg3, bNS2;int newsortNS4;/newsorti存放i对应的老号void initial();void pqflow();void out();void dataio();void bnsopt();void zlsort(int* nnew);void printo();void printy();void y2();void ya0();void yzb();void jdgl(int kq0);void bbhl(int kq0);void calc();int iabs(int a);void branch_output();void newval(double* aa);void printc(char aa, int n);/void printc();void iswap(int* m, int* n);/void iswap();/void swap();void swap(double* m, double* n);void printf2(double* aa, double* bb, int n);void calc(int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd, double* b);void printi(int* aa, int n);void printf1(double* aa, int n);int find(int k, int a, int* z);void yzb(int t, int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd);int isgn(int a, int b);void yy1();void y3();void newtoold();void node_output(); / int pq_main(void)initial();/初始化pqflow();/pq潮流计算out();/输出节点和支路数据return 1;int isgn(int a, int b)/*本函数功能返回值为a的绝对值b的符号*/参数1提供值，参数2提供符号/if (b 0)a = -a;return a;int find(int k, int a, int* z)/*本函数查找a中是否有fabs(k)有则返回0，无则返回1*/参数1为待查找量，参数2待搜索数组，参数3返回k在a中的次序号/int i;for (i = 1; i = n; i +)if(iabs(k) = ai)*z = i;return 1;return 0;void oldtonew()/*本函数将输入数据中的节点号变成从1开始的连续节点号*/int i, j, k, ii1, ii2, zls2, k1, k2, k3, k4, ip;zls2 = zls + zls;for (i = 1; i = zls2; i +)newsorti = 0;ii1 = 0;for (i = 1; i = zls; i +)k = izli;if (!find(k, newsort, &ii2)ii1 +;newsortii1 = iabs(k);k = jzli;if (!find(k, newsort, &ii2)ii1 +;newsortii1 = iabs(k);for (i = 1; i = ii1-1; i +)for (j = i+1; j newsortj)k = newsorti;newsorti = newsortj;newsortj = k;for (i = 1; i = zls; i +)k = izli;if (find(k, newsort, &ii2)izli = isgn(ii2, k);else printf(error!);k = jzli;if (find(k, newsort, &ii2)jzli = isgn(ii2, k);elseprintf(error!);printf(izl%d = %d, jzl%d = %dn, i, izli, i, jzli);for (i = 1; i = nb; i +)for (j = 1; j = n; j +)if (nobi = newsortj)nobi = j;break;printf(nob%d = %dn, i, nobi);for (j = 1; j = n; j +)if (mpj = newsortj)mpj = j;break;/电抗器节点号转变for (j = 1; j = mdk; j +)for (i = 1; i = n; i +)if (idkj = newsorti)idkj = i;break;/hu 2013-1-8printc(-, 58);fprintf(fp2, nn *newsort*n);for (i = 1; i = n; i +) fprintf(fp2, %8d%8dn, i, newsorti); fprintf(fp2, n *newsort*n);/ hu 2013-1-8void initial() /*本函数进行初始化工作*/int i, k1;dataio();/输入原始数据oldtonew();/转化为新号if (bnsopton = 0) /节点不优化，新节点号即为老节点号。for (i = 1; i = n; i +) oldi = i; nnewi = i; else bnsopt(); /节点优化mpj = nnewmpj;/mpj:平衡节点zlsort(nnew);/ sort the r,x and bfor (i = 1; i = mdk; i +) k1 = idki; idki = nnewk1;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) vi = v00; vai = 0.0; / 所有节点的电压幅值初值都为1.000(v00)，电压相角初值都为0 。 / exchange the node before and after sortfor (i = 1; i = n; i +) ydsi = 0; / the immediatefor (i = 1; i = nb; i +) k1 = nnewnobi; ydsk1 = nobti; for (i = 1; i = n; i +) nobti = ydsi;newval(pg);newval(qg);newval(pl);newval(ql);newval(v0);for (i = 1; i = n; i +) / nobt is type of nodeif (nobti = -1) vi = v0i; / nob is serials numbe/nobt = -1: pv节点，v0存放的是最后一个节点数据，/对于pv节点，即为该点应维持的电压值。/nobt = 0: pq节点，v0存放的是最后一个节点数据，/对于pq节点，即为系统平均电压值。printo();/输出af、v00和节点排序后的支路、节点和/接地电抗数据(仅仅查看中间结果)ya0();/获得yds、ydz、列足码iy。( P407 )void printo()/*输出af、v00和节点排序后的支路、节点和接地电抗数据*/int i;fprintf(fp2, n *AF AND V0 *n);fprintf(fp2, n %7.3f%7.3f%7.3fn, af0, af1, v00);printc(-, 78);fprintf(fp2, nn *ZLB*n);for (i = 1; i = zls; i +) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %8d%8d%8d%8d, izli, jzli, oldabs(izli), oldabs(jzli);fprintf(fp2, %9.4f%9.4f%9.4f, zri, zxi, zyki); printc(-, 78);fprintf(fp2, nn*BUS*n);for (i = 1; i = nb; i +) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %8d%8d%8d, nobi,oldnobi, nobti);fprintf(fp2, %9.4f%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f, pgi, qgi, pli, qli, v0i); printc(-, 78);fprintf(fp2,nn*DKK*n);for (i = 1; i = mdk; i +) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %8d%8d%7.4f, idki, oldidki, dkki); void dataio() /*系统数据初始化*/int i;af0 = 0.6; af1 = 2.0;/af0和af1分别是负荷有功功率、无功功率静态特性系数。 v00 = 1.000;/系统平均电压 printf(nplease input the name of data filen);scanf(%s, inname);fp1 = fopen(inname, r);printf(nplease output the name of data filen);scanf(%s, outname);fp2 = fopen(outname, w);fscanf(fp1, %d %d %d %d, &n, &zls, &nb, &mdk); / the number of node ,branches, nodefscanf(fp1, %lf %d %d %d %d, &eps, &kk2, &mpj, &bnsopton, &it1); /precision, swing node,sort the node,iteration numbersfor (i = 1; i = zls; i +) fscanf(fp1, %d %d, &izli, &jzli);fscanf(fp1, %lf %lf %lf , &zri, &zxi, &zyki); for (i = 1; i = nb; i +) fscanf(fp1, %d %d, &nobi, &nobti);fscanf(fp1, %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf, &pgi, &qgi, &pli, &qli, &v0i);for (i = 1; i eps) kgkq0=1;if (kq0 = 0) calc(iu1, u1, di1, nfd1, b);if (kq0 = 1) calc(iu2, u2, di2, nfd2, b);for (i = 1; i it1) break;while(fabs(dsm) eps) | (kgkq0 != 0);fprintf(fp2, n%s%d, times = , t);void out() /*本函数输出节点和支路数据*/zlsort(old); / recover the data if sorted/newtoold();node_output(); / node databranch_output(); /branch dataprintc(-, 78);printc(*, 78);fprintf(fp2, n);void newval(double* aa) /*本函数将旧号换成新号*/int i, k1;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) bi = 0.0;for (i = 1; i = nb; i +) k1 = nnewnobi; bk1 = aai; for (i = 1; i = n; i +) aai = bi;void yzb(int t, int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd)/*本函数求因子表*/参数1为标志(t=0 求B,t=1求B)/参数2因子表上三角矩阵非零非对角元素的列足码/参数3因子表上三角矩阵非零非对角元素的数值/参数4因子表上三角矩阵对角元素/参数5因子表上三角各行非零元素个数int i, j, k, i1, i2; int jj, jj1, jj2, im, x, fdNS;double ai, bNS;nfd1 = 1;for (i = 1; i = NS; i +) /hu 2013-1-9ui = 0.0; /hu 2013-1-9for (i = 1; i = n; i +) /nobt 存放的是节点类型, 0: pq节点, -1: pv节点。 if (t != 1) | (nobti != -1) & i != mpj) / -| / |for (j = i + 1; j = n; j +) / |bj = 0.0; / | bi = biii; / | if (kk2 = 0) & (t = 1) & (nobti != -1)/ 存在(t = 1)的情况，不多余。 bi = bi + af1 * qli / v0i / v0i;/af1i1 = ydzi;i2 = ydzi + 1 - 1;for (j = i1; j = i2; j +) k = iyj; bk = ybj;bmpj = 0.0;if (t = 1)for (j = 1; j = n; j +)if (nobtj = -1) bj = 0.0;i1 = i - 1;for (im = 1; im = i1; im +) jj1 = nfdim;jj2 = nfdim + 1 - 1;for (jj = jj1; jj = jj2; jj +)if(iujj = i) ai = ujj / diim;for(k = jj; k = jj2; k +)j = iuk;bj = bj - ai * uk;break;x = nfdi;dii = 1.0 / bi;ai = dii;k = 0;i1 = i + 1;for (j = i1; j 1.0e-15)ux = bj * ai;iux = j;k+;x+; fdi = k; else fdi = 0; dii = 0.0;nfdi+1 = nfdi + fdi;fprintf(fp2, n*U*);for (i = 1; i x; i +) if(i % 3 = 1) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %9.5f%7d, ui, iui);/fprintf(fp2, n*xxxx*);/fprintf(fp2, %8d%10.5f%8d,x,u38,fd22); fprintf(fp2, n*fd*);printi(fd, n); fprintf(fp2, n*nfd*);printi(nfd, n);fprintf(fp2, n*DI*);printf1(di, n);void printf1(double* aa, int n)/*本函数输出aai,i=1-n*/int i;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) if(i % 5 = 1) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %9.5f, aai); fprintf(fp2, nn);void calc(int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd, double* b) /*本函数利用因子表解线形方程组。(P417图F1-9)*/double bi;int i, j, k, i1, i2;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) /前代过程。 bi = bi;i1 = nfdi;i2 = nfdi + 1;for (j = i1; j = 1; i -) / 回代过程。 bi = bi;i1 = nfdi;i2 = nfdi + 1 - 1;for (j = i2; j = i1; j -) k = iuj; bi = bi - bk * uj;bi = bi; void zlsort(int* nnew)/。