初中英语非谓语动词和主谓一致.doc

一、 Doing的用法1. 动词doing(只能加doing的动词)Like/dislike/enjoy/have fun doing喜欢做consider doing考虑做mind (sb) doing介意做imagine doing 想象做suggest doing建议做practice doing练习做finish doing结束做what about/ how about doing sth 做某事如何Thank you for doing sth. 为感谢某人at the beginning of 的起初；的开始keep/go/ (on) /continue doing持续做cant help doing情不自禁做cant stand doing不能忍受做feel like doing想要做be busy doing 忙于做某事go +doing (go shopping) 去做某事no +doing 禁止做某事be worth doing 值得做be busy doing sth 忙于做某事cant stop doing sth 忍不住做某事spend time/money (in) doing 花费时间做某事waste time/money (in) doing浪费时间做某事consider doing sth 考虑做某事have trouble/difficulty/problems/experience (in) doing 做某事有困难/有经验used to do 过去常常做某事be /get/used to doing 习惯于做某事look forward to doing期望做某事be interested in doingbe good at doing sth= do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事about: be worried about doing担忧做with: be pleased with doing对做-满意without: without doing没做from: stop sb (from) doing =prevent sb from doing=keep sb from doing(但keep sb doing使某人不停的做)by: by doing通过做二、 动词doing和to do 意义无大区别begin doing/ begin to dostart doing/ start to do开始做continue doing/to do持续做like doing / like to dolove doing / love to do 喜欢做hate doing/ hate to do讨厌做三、动词doing和to do意义不同forget doing 忘记做过某事forget to do忘记去做某事（还未做）remember doing 记得做过某事remember to do记得要去做某事（还未做）stop doing=give up doing sth 停止做某事stop to do停下来去做另一件事try /try ones best to do尽力做need doing需要被做(主语指物)need to do 需要做（主语指人）四、动词to doagree to do同意做want to do想要做would like to do想要做，愿意做decide to do决定做hope/ wish to do希望做plan to do 计划做be supposed to sth =should do sth应该做某事learn to do学会做be /make sure to sth 确定做某事offer to do 主动要求做help (to) do /help sb with sth帮着做afford to do担负得起做refuse to do拒绝做regret to do 遗憾地做dare to do敢做seem to do似乎做promise to do许诺做cant wait to do迫不及待做pretend to do假装做used to do过去常常做get to do逐渐做have sth /nothing to do 有某事要做its ones duty to do sth 做某事是某人的责任make up /change ones mind to do sth.下定/改变 某人决心做某事the way to do sththe way of doing sth做的方法疑问词+ to dowhen/where/what/how/which/whethertodo形式主语：It is+形容词+for sb.+ to doIt is+形容词+of sb.+ to dotoo+形容词+to do sth =not enough to do= so thatit takes sb. some time to do sth.be sorry/lucky/ happy/glad/pleased to do很抱歉/开心幸运五、动词+sb.+ to doallow sb to do 允许某人做某事get sb. to do 让某人做某事ask sb. to do 让某人做某事tell sb. to do 让某人做某事urge sb to do 争论做某事want/would like sb. to do 想要做某事encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事teach sb. to do 教某人做某事train sb. to do 训练某人做某事advise sb. to do 建议做人某事lead sb. to do 领导某人做某事mislead sb. to do误导某人做invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事expect sb. to do期待某人做remind sb. to do提醒某人做remind sb of doing使某人想起做过某事六、动词+sb. + dosee /watch/hear/feel/notice sb do sth 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人做某事see /watch/hear/feel/notice sb doing sth 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人正在做某事Why not do sth=why dont do sth 为什么不做某事let sb do sth 让某人做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事be made to do sth 被迫做某事had better do最好做would rather do than do宁愿做某事而不厌做某事prefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不厌做某事情态动词+do动词原形will/would/can/may/might/must/should/shall+do七、to表示 “的”the key to the door 门的钥匙the key/answer to the question 问题的答案the solution to a problem 问题的解决the way to sp.去某地的路 a +形容词+ place to do 一个做某事的地方a ticket to sp. (a ticket for + 比赛名称)一张什么的票句型；Its time to do sth. / Its time for sth该作某事的时候了.动词做句子的主语，可用动名词ing可用不定式to do，一般用ing。另：不定式做主语大多表示将来表目的。巩固练习：1.Whatdidyouseejustnow?Isawtwo_doctors_outofthehouse.A.women,comeB.woman,cameC.woman,comingD.women,tocome2._goodnewsitis!Thepandasarealiveaftertheearthquake.Itsso_.A.Whata,excitedB.what,excitingC.Howa,excitedD.How,exciting3.Wouldyouliketoplaytabletenniswithme?Idontfeellikeit.Iwouldrather_athomeandwatchTV.AstayBtostayCstayingDstayed4.Shewassurprised_melastnight.A.toseeB.seeC.saw5.Whatsthematter?Iamhavingthetrouble_whohastakenmybook.A.findingB.lookingforC.findingoutD.lookingup6.What_newsitwas!Yes,allofthechildrenwere_.A.excited,excitingB.exciting,excitedC.exciting,excitingD.excited,excited7.Whyareyoulate?Mybikebrokedown.Ihadit_.A.repairedB.repairesC.repairD.repairing8.Colorscanchangeourmoodsandmakeus_happyorsad,energeticorsleepy.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feltD.feel9.Wouldyoumind_moreslowly?Icantfollowyou.A.speakB.spokeC.spokenD.speaking10.Itsgoodhabit_breakfasteveryday.A.hadB.haveC.hasD.tohave11.Maria_shy,butnowsheisquiteoutgoing.Shehasmadelotsoffriends.A.wasusedtobeB.isusedtobeC.wasusedtobeingD.usedtobe12.Withlessthan10minutesleft,thestudentsfounditdifficult_theirwritingontime.A.finishingB.finishedC.tofinish13.Itsnice_you_mewithmymaths.A.for,tohelpB.for,helpingC.of,tohelpD.of,helping14.Theteacheraskedme_forschoolnexttime.A.notbelateB.dontbelateC.nottobelateD.notlate15.Canyoutellme_sende-mail?Justhitthesendbutton.A.whattoB.whytoC.howtoD.whento16.Theboyenjoys_theradiointhemorning.A.listeningB.listeningtoC.listentoD.tolisten17.Howabout_tothecinemaonSunday？A.goB.togoC.goingD.willgo18.Thelittleboyisbusy_hishomeworknow.A.doB.todoC.doingD.does19.Wekept_theballtoeachother，andtheybegantogetangry.A.topassB.passingC.passD.past20.WhereisMr.Yu,doyouknow?Well,itshardtosay.ButIsawhim_afootballgamejustnow.A.waswatchingB.watchingC.hadwatchedD.watched主谓一致一、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题： 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 2. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 3. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 4. 当主语后有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词与短语前的主语一致Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.5. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 6. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 7. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 8. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither of the books is very interesting. 9. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 10. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.11. a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred12. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三、主谓一致专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 1