初中被动语态讲解课件

被动语态,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态),语态,Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。,被动语态的用法,（1）当不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 时,Its said / reported / + that 据说/据报道 Its reported that it will rain tomorrow. 据报道，明天会下雨。,（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。,The cup was broken by David.,（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,Cars are made in China .,The desk is made of wood.,English is taught in our school.,如何由主动语态变成被动语态呢 ？,by many students.,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,2. 将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动,3. 将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by 的宾语放在谓动词之后,运用一下吧,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1. They bought a computer last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were +过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,A computer,was bought,They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used the rooms for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,The rooms were used for resting by them.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,be going to be/will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.,The room,is going to be cleaned,by Tom tomorrow.,We will held a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is / am / are + being 过去分词,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,The rooms,are being painted,2.He is watching TV.,TV,is being watched,by him.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have / has been 过去分词,1.We have made a key,by us.,A key,has been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,The passive voice,被动语态,英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语 态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示 出来.,被动语态的构成:,助动词be+ (及物动词的) 过去分词,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时 shall / will + be + done 过去将来时 would / should + be + done 现在进行时 am / is / are + being+ done 过去进行时 was / were + being + done 现在完成时 have / has + been + done 过去完成时 had + been + done,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为 被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for 或 to,如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. 2. I bought him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me.,They take good care of my child. I turned off the radio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,-My child is taken good care of .,-The radio was turned off (by me).,即hear , watch , see , make , let ,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.,He,is made,to work for 10 hours.,3.在主动语态中省去to 在变为被动语态时应补出来,4.主动结构表被动含义,1） look . smell . sound . feel . taste 等作连系动词用时 ，主动形式表被动意义。,Eg. 棉花摸起来很柔软。,Cotton feels soft.,这老妇人看起来焦急。,The old woman looks worried .,2) write . read . sell wash open . lock 等常和表示行为方式的状语连用表达效果和程度时 常用主动表被动。,Eg This pen writes well. 这笔很好用。,这书很畅销,This book sells well.,3) 动词 need ,want , require （需要）等接动名词作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义,Eg 他 的鞋需要修理。,His shoes needed mending .,填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week .,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will read these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be read,5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait,7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken,9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given,11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to,13. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 14. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for,15. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked 16. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get s