知识点总复习必修五Unit1Greatscientists.doc

必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists知识点练习核心单词1. characteristicn.特色；特性；典型adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。易混辨析character/characteristic character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. Characteristic B. character C. Appearance D. temper 2. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空易混辨析defeat/beat/win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） By not working hard enough you your own purpose.Who is the drum?He the first prize in the writing contest.3. attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after常用结构：attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料5. curevt.&n. 治愈，治疗；常用于“cure sb. of .”结构中。The doctor cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。完成句子 盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。Penicillin his pneumonia.6. absorbvt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。联想拓展absorb from sth. 从中吸收be absorbed in =concentrate on 专心于，全神贯注于完成句子 他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away. 7. blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于 n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任常用结构：blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责温馨提示be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their sons bad performance at school. A. are to blame B. is to be blamedC. are to be blamed D. is to blame9. put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down 写下put on weight 发福；长胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴put back 放回，送回10. look into调查；了解；研究；朝里面看联想拓展look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back 回头看look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想look down upon 俯视；轻视look for 寻求；寻找look forward to 盼望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out 往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看；浏览look up 抬头看；查阅高手过招单项填空In other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder at other people while we are talking together.（201001江西上高检测） A. look out B. look into C. look at D. look overThere was a fire in the hotel. The is now being looked . A. reason; through B. reason; into C. cause; through D. cause; into 11. apart from除之外；脱离开；此外Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。易混辨析apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that apart from表示“除外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。 except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词,表示“并且，而且”。 but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for.或If it had not been for.）。 in addition to 相当于besides，表示“除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。except that后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节。高手过招（1）单项填空 English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. A. Except B. Except forC. Beside D. Apart from （2）用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空 We go there every day Monday.He is a good man his bad temper.Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes. the cost, it will take a lot of time. that, everything goes well. 12. make sense讲得通；有道理；有意义(反义词组make no sense)Your story doesnt make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的。联想拓展lose/recover ones sense=be out of ones sense 失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智bring sb. to ones sense 使某人苏醒过来come to ones sense 苏醒过来make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a/one sense 从某种意义来说in all sense 从任何意义上说in no sense 绝不是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。高手过招单项填空What he says makes no to her.A. Care B. senseC. Interest D. meaningThe poem is hard to understand. Can you make of this poem? A. Idea B. knowledgeC. Sense D. Understanding重点句型13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳：each time每次；每当 at the time在那个时候；（当）的时候 any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。高手过招（1）单项填空She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of test I know it.” （201001陕西师大附中检测）A. Because B. the momentC. After D. though （2）同义句转换 （原创）I gave Mary the money when I saw her.I gave Mary the money I saw her.14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。高手过招翻译句子老师微笑着走进教室，身后跟着一群小朋友。 随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists知识点练习核心单词1. characteristicn.特色；特性；典型adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. （201001山东德州检测）A. Characteristic B. characterC. Appearance D. temper 解析:选B。句意为：他证明自己是个真正的绅士，和别人一起工作的时候，他的性格总表现出最好的一面。character作名词时，表示“性格；特点”，一般是不可数名词；characteristic是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。易混辨析character/characteristic character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）2. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空易混辨析defeat/beat/win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏高手过招 选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） By not working hard enough you your own purpose.Who is the drum?He the first prize in the writing contest.答案:defeated beating won3. attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after常用结构：attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料4. exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常用结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露于be exposed to 暴露于5. curevt.&n. 治愈，治疗；常用于“cure sb. of .”结构中。The doctor cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。易混辨析cure/treat/heal/recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。高手过招 完成句子 盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。Penicillin his pneumonia.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises. 他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。The cut on his finger quickly.4. 他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。Hes now fully his bad cold. 答案：cured him of was treated healed 4. recovered from6. absorbvt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。联想拓展absorb from sth. 从中吸收be absorbed in =concentrate on 专心于，全神贯注于完成句子 他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.答案：absorbed in watching 7. blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任常用结构：blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责温馨提示be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)高手过招 单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their sons bad performance at school.（201001陕西西安检测）A. are to blame B. is to be blamedC. are to be blamed D. is to blame解析： （1）选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校里的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。且主语为Jack，故选D项。8. link vt. 连接；联系 n. 环；连接；联系；纽带常用结构：link .to/with 将和连接/联系起来link up 连接起来9. put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down 写下put on weight 发福；长胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴put back 放回，送回10. look into调查；了解；研究；朝里面看联想拓展look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back 回头看look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想look down upon 俯视；轻视look for 寻求；寻找look forward to 盼望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out 往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看；浏览look up 抬头看；查阅高手过招单项填空In other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder at other people while we are talking together.（201001江西上高检测） A. look out B. look into C. look at D. look overThere was a fire in the hotel. The is now being looked . A. reason; through B. reason; into C. cause; through D. cause; into解析: 选D。考查短语辨析。look out向外看；look into 调查；look at看；look over从上看过去。选D。cause的意思是“起因”；look into的意思是“调查”。11. apart from除之外；脱离开；此外Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。易混辨析apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that apart from表示“除外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。 except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词,表示“并且，而且”。 but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for.或If it had not been for.）。 in addition to 相当于besides，表示“除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。except that后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节。高手过招（1）单项填空 English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. A. Except B. Except forC. Beside D. Apart from （2）用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空 We go there every day Monday.He is a good man his bad temper.Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes. the cost, it will take a lot of time. that, everything goes well.(1)解析:选D。 apart from相当于besides，意思是“除外，还有”。except表示“除，不包括在内”，从后面的also看，应用besides或apart from。(2)except except for/apart fromexcept that Apart from/BesidesApart from/Except for12. make sense讲得通；有道理；有意义(反义词组make no sense)Your story doesnt make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的。联想拓展lose/recover ones sense=be out of ones sense 失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智bring sb. to ones sense 使某人苏醒过来come to ones sense 苏醒过来make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a/one sense 从某种意义来说in all sense 从任何意义上说in no sense 绝不是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。高手过招单项填空What he says makes no to her.A. Care B. senseC. Interest D. meaningThe poem is hard to understand. Can you make of this poem? A. Idea B. knowledgeC. Sense D. Understanding解析: 选B。make sense为固定搭配，意思是“起作用，有意义”。选C。make sense of sth.“理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物”。另外，sense还可作动词，意为“意识到(某事物)；感觉到”。重点句型13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳：each time每次；每当 at the time在那个时候；（当）的时候 any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。the moment, the minute, the second, the insta