不定式与分词做宾补区别.doc

不定式、分词作宾补的区别 Page 3 of 3一、通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like, love, prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词。如：1. My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take 2. The teacher asked us so much noise.A. dont makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not do4. The patient was warned oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating not C. not to eatD. not eating注：在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可；在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. want, wish等后接to be done作宾补时，to be可省略，直接过去分词作宾补。如：When do you wish it (to be) finished?二、在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。如：1. Though he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister. A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry2. Paul doesnt have to be made . He always works hard.A. learnB. to learn C. learnedD. learning三、感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice, 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)；是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾补。如：1. They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow2. The missing boy were last seen near the river.A. playingB. to be playing C. playD. to play3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carried outB. carrying out C. carry outD. to carry out四、在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tied C. to be tiedD. tied2. With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settingC. to settleD. to be settled3. Peter soon fell asleep with the campfire still .A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to burn五.1. leavedoing让一直(主动、持续进行)； leaveto do让去做(主动、将来)；leavedone(被动)。如： Dont leave the water while you brush your teeth.A. runB. running C. being runD. to run比较：leave the door firmly fastened; leave her to do as she likes五.2. want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。如：I dont want you arriving late. (主动、否定句) I want the letter (to be) opened now. (被动)五.3. get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); getdoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。如：Ill try to get her the doctor. A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing比较：get the children talking；get the computer repaired；get his wrist broken五.4. have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事； have sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(非谓语动词作定语)。如：She had her audience listening attentively. He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch .A. to repairB. repaired C. repairingD. repair六、可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用to do。在catch(撞见), smell(闻到), start(使)等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。如：1. It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.A. to burnB. burntC. burningD. burned2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked3. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealing C. to stealD. stealing七、可用to be或to have done作补语的9个动词在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后，可跟to be作补语(认为是)，一般不跟to do；但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to have done作补语(认为做了)。如：Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventing C. to inventD. having invented八、make oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself .A. hearB. to hear C. hearingD. heard2. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard九、在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后用不定式作主语补足语。1. He was reported to have broken the world record.=It is reported that he has broken the world record. 2. The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in th